BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Lipid Bilayer, Chemical Equilibrium, Hydrogen Bond
Document Summary
Things that affect exibility: temperature, rotation around bonds (produces kinds and restricts movement), ph, ionic concentration. Energy transformation; making new products with lower energy is what creates energy, not the breaking of bonds. Chemical equilibrium: forward an reverse reactions rates are equal. Equilibrium = low energy state; no energy out a reaction. Water is dipolar molecule (carries partial charges from oxygen being so electronegative) Attracted to polar molecules, cohesive behaviour, ability to moderate temp, expansion at freezing, versatility as a solvent (all from hydrogen bonding) Extremely low concentrations we deal with for cellular reactions. Amphipathic: both hydrophobic and hydrophilic (ex. phospholipid bilayer) Adding solvents that dissolve in water restrict water molecule interaction; therefore adding salt will raise boiling temp and drop freezing temp. Depressing freezing temp of a single cell is creating more solutes; if cell notices it is getting cold, they will produce more solutes to withstand colder temperatures.
