NURSING 2PF3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Foam Cell, Tight Junction, Monocyte
20 Feb 2019
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Document Summary
It is smooth with very tight junctions between the individual cells: the endothelium is subjected to injury sometimes through, smoking, stress (caused by high blood pressure - hypertension, high levels of ldl. Immune system mechanisms: when the vessels branch or there is turbulent flow, atherosclerotic lesions form, which suggests that hemodynamic factors play a role in causing endothelial injury, endothelial injury or high ldl causes monocytes to be sticky Attach to the endothelium (as they respond to adhesion molecules: endothelium also loses ability to produce antithrombotic (anticlot) and vasodilation cytokines. Free radicals are also released: macrophages start to eat oxidized ldls --> creating foam cells, foam cells -- release growth factors + inflammatory cytokines (which worsens endothelial injury) Ldl make their way through the intact endothelium and are quickly oxidized into proinflammatory lipids: oxidized ldls serve as an attractant, causing further migration of monocytes into the sub- endothelium.
