HTHSCI 1LL3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Electronegativity, Gene Duplication, Zygosity
22 Jun 2018
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AMINO ACIDS
CCDSS
Amino Acids in Proteins
•
All the proteins in the body are made from 20 amino acids coded for by our DNA
•
The unique sequence of amino acids in each protein Ithe primary sequence
)predicts its conformation
-
Primary Structure :sequence of a chain of amino acids
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Secondary Structure :hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes amino acids to fold
into arepealing pattern In helices
orpaeated
sheets )
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Tertiary Structure :3D folding pattern of aprotein due to side chain interactions
-Quaternary
Structure :protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain
>eg .hemoglobin
General Amino Acid Structure
•All of the 20 amino acids have acommon structure
•
the acarbon is substituted with an amino group ,acarboxylic acid group ,ahydrogen ,and
an Individual side chain IR)
•the chemical properties of the side chains of its amino acids determine how aprotein can
acarbon Interact with other molecules
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side chains determine amino acid properties
General Amino Acid Properties
•
at physiological pH amino acids exist as
"zwitterions
"
,where both the amino and carboxylic acid groups are charged
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zwittenions :amolecule or ion having separate positively and negatively charged groups
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at this pH the molecule is neutral ,this is not the case when the pH changes
•
depending on the pka of each side chain ,the group may be charged or uncharged at physiological pH 17.35 -7.45 in blood)
Peptide Bonds
•(def .)a covalent chemical bond between the carboxylic acid group of one and the
amino group of the next
The reaction is acondensation reaction because water is released
The carbons and nitrogen of the amino acids form the backbone of the polypeptide
>N
terminus;beginning because we always start with an amino group
>Cterminn end
Document Summary
All the proteins in the body are made from 20 amino acids coded for by our dna. The unique sequence of amino acids in each protein i the primary sequence) predicts its conformation. Primary structure : sequence of a chain of amino acids into a causes amino the peptide backbone repealing pattern in helices. Tertiary structure : 3d folding pattern of a protein due. Structure : protein consisting of more to side chain interactions eg . hemoglobin than one amino acid chain sheets ) All of the 20 amino acids have a common structure the a carbon is substituted with an amino group , a carboxylic acid group , a hydrogen , and an. Individual side chain ir) the chemical properties of the side chains of its amino acids determine how a protein can a carbon. Peptide bonds ( def . ) a covalent chemical bond between the carboxylic acid group of one and the amino group of the next.
