HTHSCI 1LL3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Stereocenter, Ketose, Aldehyde
22 Jun 2018
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BIOLOGIC FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
BCCCCUUCC
¢D UU3§
Biologic Compounds
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Organic compounds are made npofthe atoms :C ,H .O ,N ,S,P CHY CzH6kH3CHd CzHqlCH3CHzCHz)
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Carbon can make 4bonds Methane Ethane Propane
Single or double bonds between C's form the backbone of compounds
Nomenclature
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-ane :denotes single bonds
•-ene :denotes double bonds
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Iso -iwhenzcavbonsarebondedto another carbon ,forming abranch which isanisomerofthe straight chain compound
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-yl :implies that it's agroup attached to acompound
Methylation •this group is important in determining whether ornotagene will be expressed
CHU -CH }<_
•it makes the DNA less accessible and also less likely that the gene will be transcribed
Methane Methyl Group
More Nomenclature
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Carbon can be numbered ,withlbemgthecarboninthegroupthatis Most oxidized
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Greek letters canalsobeusedtocountfromthecarbonnexttothe most oxidized
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Carbon 's alsobondtoform ring structures In many compounds
Aromatic compounds :those that contain the 6C benzene ring
Electrons are shared equally mhydrocavbun structures .
'
.theyre nonpolar and not very reactive
Functional Groups
•Ideft structures that are bonded to the carbon chain CHZCHZOH CHZOH
Usually bonds between carbon and oxygen ,nitrogen ,sulphur ,or phosphate groups Ethanol Methanol
theytenatobepolarand more reactive
Document Summary
Single or double bonds between c "s form the backbone of compounds. Nomenclature ane : denotes single bonds ene : denotes double bonds. Iso - iwhenzcavbonsarebondedto another carbon forming a branch which isanisomerofthe straight chain compound. Yl implies that it"s a group attached to a compound. Nomenclature this group is important in determining whether ornotagene will be expressed it makes the dna less accessible and also less likely that the gene will be transcribed. Electrons are shared equally mhydrocavbun structures theyre nonpolar and not very reactive. I deft structures that are bonded to the carbon chain. Usually bonds between carbon and oxygen , nitrogen , sulphur , or phosphate groups. C- c groups and c- 0 groups are oxidized or reduced depending on the electrons around the carbon atom. Phosphoric acid is hzpou , one proton is lost at a low ph , but hzpoy. " hp042 has a pka of 6. 8.
