PSYC 333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Social Influence, Impression Formation, Identity Formation
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture'6:'The'self'in'the'social'context''
Self'presentation'I'''
(Jan.'25)'
'
'
Bibliography:''
-Tesser,'Abraham'“Self'and'identity':'an'introduction”'from'Advanced'Social'Psychology.'
New'York:'Mc'Graw-Hill,'c1995'
'
'
'
Introduction:''
Where'our'sense'of'self'comes'from?'How'others'influence'our'sense'of'self?''
'
'
'
Plan:'
Introduction*
A.'The'looking'glass'self'(Cooley,'1902)'
B.'Symbolic'interactionism'(Mead,'1934)'
C.' Are' there' any' evidence' for' this' idea' that' our' sense' of' self' is' based' on' how' other'
people'see'us?'
D.'Why'inconsistency?'
'
I.*Self*Presentation''
A.'Self-presentation'(and'the'search'for'social'validation)'
B.'Study'1:'How'favourable'an'image'to'convey?'(Schlenker,'1975)'
C.'Enhancing'with'friends'vs.'strangers'(Tice'et'al'1995)'
'
II.*Self*presentation*and*self-fulfilling*prophecies*
A.'Study'1:'Self'presentation'and'self-fulfilling'prophecies'(Zanna'and'Pack,'1975)'
B.' Study' 2:' Self' presentation' and' self-fulfilling' prophecies' (Von' Baeyer,' Sherk,' Zanna,'
1981)'
C.'Other'harmful'effect'(Leary'1994,'1995)'
*
III.*Social*Influence*
A.'Social'influence,'compliance'and'conformity'(Cialdini'and'Goldstein,'2004)'
B.'Motives'underlying'conformity'and'compliance'(Cialdini'and'Goldstein,'2004)'
C.'Social'influence'(then'and'now)'
D.'Social'influence'modulates'the'neural'computation'of'value'(Zaki,'Schimer,'Mitchell,'
2011)'
'
IV.*The*self*as*an*arbiter**
A.'Symbolic'self'completion'(Gollwitzer'and'Wicklund,'1984)'
B.'Study'1:'Symbolic'self'completion'experiments'
C.'Study'2:'Symbolic'self'completion'experiments'
'
'
'
Introduction**
A.'The'looking'glass'self'(Cooley,'1902)'
'
It'emphasizes' the'idea' that'our* sense* of* self* is* based* on* how* others* see* us'in' our'
social'world.'Identity*formation*reflects*our*capacity*to*learn*how*other*people*see*
us.'A'very'similar'notion'was'proposed'by'symbolic'interactionism.'
'
'
B.'Symbolic'interactionism'(Mead,'1934)'
This'notion'came'from'the'philosophical*movement*of*pragmatism'(idea'that'there'is'
a'reality'out'there'shaped'by'how'we'act'and'modify'it).''
The*self*is*developed*and*understood*in*the*social*realm.*
Others’*appraisals*shape*our*understanding*of*ourselves.'
Understanding'our'self'is'in'many'way'reflection'of'how'others'see'us.''
For'some'extreme:'how*others*see*us*=*the*way*we*see*ourselves.'
In' contrast' to' others' theories' we' saw,' being' a' self' does' not'depend'on' a' person'(her'
personality)'nor'on'a'situation.''
Interactions*between*persons/actors*is*basic*unit*of*analysis*
Individuals'are'created'through'interactions.''
Developing* a* sense* of* self* depends* on* individual’s* ability* to* reflect* on* the* way*
he/she*is*seen*by*others.*
'
'
C.' Are' there' any' evidence'for' this' idea' that' our' sense' of' self' is' based' on' how' other'
people'see'us'?'
Are*people*sense*of*self*correlated*with*how*people*see*them?**
In'a'study,'people'had'to'make'judgments'about'themselves,'and'then'other'people'had'
to'rate'them'on'the'same'personality'traits.''
Result:'The*correlations*between*self-views*and*other-views*(of*self)*are*small.''
'
=>'Blow'to'symbolic'interactionism?''
It'is'more'complicated.'In'fact,'self* views* are* highly* correlated*with* how* we* think*
others*see*us.''
'
'
D.'Why'inconsistency?'
The'self'is'the'individual’s'ability'to'reflect'on'the'way'he/she'is'seen'by'others:'
1.'There'are'some'distortions*when*we*think*about*the*self'(illusions)'
2.'We'also'distort*the*feedback*we*receive*from*others.'We'remember'and'integrate'
more' successes,' and' we' attribute' them' to' ourselves,' while' we' don’t' remember' and'
integrate'as'well'defeats.''
3.'People*do*not*always*tell*us*what*they*really*think*of*us.''
4.'What*are*we*transmitting*to*other*people/*what*information*are*we*providing*
them* with* to* make* judgment* about* our* abilities?' Maybe' this' information' differs'
from'the'information'we'have'about'ourselves.'
'
'
'
I.**Self*Presentation**
A.'Self-presentation'(and'the'search'for'social'validation)''
It'reflects'the'idea'that'we'seek'social'validation.'We'want'other'people'to'confirm'the'
self-view'we'want'them'to'have'about'ourselves.''
'
Definition*of*self-presentation*:**
1.'Attempts'to'convey*information*about*and/or*images*of*the*self*to*others'
2.'Act*of*regulating*one’s*identity*for*real*or*imagined*audiences'=>'strategic'nature'
of'self-presentation''
'
'
'
'
Why'do'we'self-present'in'this'way?''
1.*To*gain*rewards*
2.*To*claim*identity*
For'our'identity'to'be'real,'it'needs'to'be'manifest'and'absorbed'by'other'people.''
Document Summary
Lecture 6: the self in the social context. Tesser, abraham self and identity : an introduction from advanced social psychology. Self presentation and self-fulfilling prophecies: study 1: self presentation and self-fulfilling prophecies (zanna and pack, 1975, study 2: self presentation and self-fulfilling prophecies (von baeyer, sherk, zanna, other harmful effect (leary 1994, 1995) Social influence: social influence, compliance and conformity (cialdini and goldstein, 2004, motives underlying conformity and compliance (cialdini and goldstein, 2004, social influence (then and now, social influence modulates the neural computation of value (zaki, schimer, mitchell, The self as an arbiter: symbolic self completion (gollwitzer and wicklund, 1984, study 1: symbolic self completion experiments, study 2: symbolic self completion experiments. Introduction: the looking glass self (cooley, 1902) It emphasizes the idea that our sense of self is based on how others see us in our social world. Identity formation reflects our capacity to learn how other people see us.
