MIMM 413 Lecture : march 7 2012- dr. ndao.docx

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magentacricket108

15 May 2012

School

McGill University

Department

Microbiology and Immun (Sci)

Course

MIMM 413

Professor

Various

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Document Summary

Thichinella is the smallest nematode, and it looks like a virus (even though nematodes are round worms). This disease was not recognized for a long time, because the acute infection symptoms are inflammation, and then it goes away. Later on, a cyst can remain in muscle for years. You can get this from undercooked meat, and this will release the larvae that will infect the intestines. Most of nematodes have eggs (eg: ascaris), but with this parasite there are no eggs in stool. Main epidemiological features of trichinella species: spiralis is the most common trichinella, and you can find it everywhere in the world. T. native is what we have here up north. If people eat walrus meat and share it, there could be a lot of outbreaks. Problem with diagnosis is that when you take serum in acute phase, you do not see ab. The three with stars beside it do not have capsules.

Related Questions

Zoonosis

DISCUSSION

1- While on a romantic getaway with your significant other on the beautiful southern coast of Italy, you enjoy lots of local fish. After too much Chianti, you show off to your new Italian friends how to eat fish âsashimi styleâ (raw!). Within weeks you develop crippling explosive diarrhea which causes your significant other to question the entire relationship. What trematode infection is consistent with this scenario? What other pathology may be associated with this parasite.

2- Why do ants fear Dicrocoelium dendriticus?

3- Describe the process of egg production in trematodes

4- What is the difference between a âreservoir hostâ and a âparatenic hostâ? Define both terms and describe the role of each in the life-cycle of a trematode.

Megalodiscus temperatus is an interesting parasite that exhibits alternative life cycle strategies. Describe those strategies. What might be some costs and benefits associated with each strategy??

6- Trematodes have an excretory system that can be especially well developed in some larval trematode stages. In these larval stages, this system also has an osmoregulatory function. Describe the excretory system of trematodes and list those larval stages in which you would expect that system to have a osmoregulatory function, then explain why?

7- You go to Minnesota for summer vacationâ¦why you would go there, I am not sureâ¦but you go, and after an early morning swim in a local lake, you begin to itch and develop small red spots all over your body. Tell me the what, the who and the how

8- Which group is considered the sister taxa of trematodes? what evidence suggests that relationship?

9- Describe the pathology of Paragonimus westermaniand how we can become infected with this parasite

Describe the pathology of Clonorchis sinensis and how we can become infected with this parasite

Describe the pathology of Fasciolopsis buski and how we can become infected with this parasite

coffeebeetle651

The following is from a Mosquito DunksÂ® label. Mosquito DunksÂ® are used to control mosquito larvae populations in standing water.

ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis, Serotype H-14 primary powder,

7000 Aedes aegypti international toxic units (ITU) per milligram (dry weight basis)â¦ 10%

A. The active ingredient in Bti products is a crystalline protein protoxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis ______. (endospores or bacteria)

B. Describe, in some detail, how these protein crystals kill insect larvae.

C. Bt bioinsecticides are toxic to insect larvae that eat them, but are not toxic to humans and other animals because.....PICK ONE--humans eat very little of the product, while insect larvae at a lot of it; humans are much larger than insects and are less likely to be affected; Actually, Bt insecticides are toxic when eaten by humans and other animals; the B. thuringiensis protoxin is activated only in the basic environment of the insect gut

D. Nolo BaitÂ®, which contains spores of the obligate intracellular fungus Nosema locustae, has been licensed by the EPA as a control measure for grasshoppers. Nolo Bait is also called âGrasshopper Spore.â N. locustae spores and bacterial spores are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT: Both spores remain inert under adverse conditions; Both spores can remain viable in the environment for long periods of time; Both spores are used for reproduction; All of the above are true of both types of spores

E. What unusual cellular characteristic does N. locustae share with the protist Mixotricha paradoxa, the organism discussed in the article âA Russian Doll of Symbiosis?â

F. Photorhabdus luminescens is perhaps the most unusual microbe yet proposed to be used as a bioinsecticide. Photorhabdus luminescens and the microscopic worm Heterohabditis bacteriophora are (bacteria, symbionts, nematode worms, wax worms) The P. luminescens (nematode worms, wax worms, bacterium) lives in a (nematode worm, wax worm, bacteria) host. This host then parasitizes an insect larva, and the (wax worm, nematode worm, bacteria) within it produce (toxins, bacteria, spores) that kill the (nematode worm, wax worm, bacteria).

G. The relationship exhibited by P. luminescens bacteria and the nematode worm Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is a good example of ________. (commensalism, parasitism, or mutalism)

With reference to flatworms answer the following parts :

a.What are the best known representatives of the Platyhelminth phylum?

b. What is the main external morphological feature that differentiates platyhelminthes from other worms (nematodes)?

c.How many germ layers make up the body of platyhelminthes? How are they classified according to this feature?

d.What are the types of digestion and digestive system of platyhelminthes?

e.How are nutrients distributed by the digestive system in planaria?

f. How is gas exchange carried out in flatworms?

g.Poriferans and cnidarians do not have excretory systems. Do platyhelminthes have an excretory system?

h.What is an example of a freshwater flatworm? What physiological problem must these animals solve when living in that environment?

i.Is the nervous system of platyhelminthes more or less sophisticated than that of cnidarians1? What are the main neural structures found in flatworms? How is this neural organization important for the diversity of ecological niches explored by species of the phylum?

j.What is cephalization? How does lateral symmetry favor cephalization?

k.Do platyhelminthes use sexual or asexual reproduction?

l.How can asexual reproduction in planaria be described?

m.Are flatworms monoecious or dioecious?

n.Is it possible for a hermaphrodite species to carry out cross-fertilization?

o.What is direct development? Do planaria have a larval stage?

p.Into which classes are platyhelminthes divided? How can these classes be described and what are some representative species in each of them?

q.What are the main human diseases caused by platyhelminthes?

MIMM 413 Lecture : march 7 2012- dr. ndao.docx

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