EAST 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Nurhaci, Tibetan Plateau, Sinicization
15 May 2018
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Department
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Qing Dynasty: The Rise of the Manchus
Historical Background:
• See modernization of China as a reaction to the West, but we also see Japanese dynasties rising at
this time
• Lots of cultural exchange between China and Japan
• Territory of the Qing Dynasty
• Set the boundary of what is currently known as the People's Republic of China
Main Themes for this Week
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• Part one:
o The Rise of the Manchu
o Socio-political System of the Qing
o How to Understand the Qing
• Part two:
o Conflicts with Western and Eastern Colonializers
o Modernization beyond the East and West Dichotomy
The Rise of the Manchu
• Manchu are an ethnic group from Northeast China (today: "The Manchuri")
• From Jurchen to Manchu
• Nurgaci (1559 -1626)
o Reunited all of the Jurchen tribes in Manchuria
• Started to Unite Jurchen tribes in 1581
o Through war, marriage alliances and negotiations
o Claimed allegiance to Ming until 1609
• Declare himself emperor in 1616
• Establish Capital in Shenyang in 1625
• Picture: Nurgaci
o Photo shows Manchu characters, which are very different from Chinese characters
The Rise of the Manchu
• From Jurchen to Manchu
• Hong Taiji (r. 1626 -1643)
o Son of Nurgaci
Hong Taiji's Policies:
• Ceate a e idetit, the Mahu
o Own language, dressing code, and religion (sharmanism)
• Policy of centralization of power
• The Banner system
• Employ new weapons
• Real Founder of the Qing Dynasty in 1636
• Alliances with Mongols and Han Chinese
The Rise of the Manchu
Dressing Codes:
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