BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Homeostasis, Heterotroph, Aerotolerant Anaerobe
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BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
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Degree of differences in: genetic variation, species composition, function (e. g. , biochemical pathways) The group of arthropods is the most diverse. Mammals represent <1% of the diversity of eukaryotic organisms. Beetles represent ~22% of the diversity of eukaryotic organisms. Cell wall structure varies, which determines the results of gram staining: gram positive thick cell wall, gram negative thin cell wall between 2 membranes (typically antibiotics are ineffective against gram negative bacteria) Reproduction in bacteria: rapid, short generation times, asexual reproduction = binary fission. Exchange of genetic material in bacteria (not the same as reproduction) 3 main methods to obtain new genetic material: conjugation; genes on plasmids are easily transferred (replicated genes are transferred through hollow tubes, transformation (uptake of free genetic material, transduction (via viruses: bacteriophages) Maintain homeostasis: respond to harsh environmental conditions (endospores protect bacteria from adverse conditions, move toward or away from chemicals (chemotaxis)