HIST-308 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: English Civil War, Fronde, French Revolution
13 Apr 2020
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Document Summary
30 years of warfare all came to a head across europe in 1648. In addition to catholic protestant bloodshed in the hre. The english civil war had broken out in 1642. The fronde rebellion was about to erupt in france: politics and religion. In most of these conflicts, politics and religion had become intertwined. Rebels in france and england were nominally fighting for parliamentary power. With the war seeming unwinnable in all sides, the peace treaty of westphalia was struck in. The terms of this treaty would define the status quo of european politics for the next hundred years: political terms. The treaty granted full independence to the swiss confederacy and to the netherlands" dutch republic. The spanish habsburgs kept belgium, milan, naples and a few other exclaves: religious terms. The netherlands and switzerland had already been safe zones for the reformers. In addition, the treaty finally permitted the open practice of calvinism in the hre.
