ENVS 1100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Infant Mortality, Population Pyramid, Carrying Capacity
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Human Populations
September 16th, 2014
Human populations grew slowly at first and then at a much faster rate in recent
years.
Growth rate is the percent increase of population size over time; affected by births,
deaths and the number of people moving into or out of a regional population.
Crude birth/death rate is the number of offspring/deaths per 1000 individuals per
year.
Population density is the number of people per unit area.
Agricultural Revolution
• First dramatic growth spurt 10,000 years ago
• The amount of food we could grow rapidly increased
• More food translated into healthier people, lower death rates and longer life
spans
• Therefore, the growth rate increased
Industrial Revolution
• 1700s
• Rapid succession of advances in both sanitation and heath care including:
o Vaccines
o Cleaner water
o Better nutrition
• Death rates fell, like expectancy rose and the population swelled
Overpopulation became a large issue after these revolutions as there were more
people living in areas that didn’t have enough support from its natural and human
resources.
Fertility rates are affected by a variety of factors.
Pronatalist pressures were common in agrarian societies where there was a need for
more labor. This type of pressure refers to economic and cultural forces that
encourage women to have more children.
Infant mortality rate is the number of infants who die in their first year of life per
every 1000 live births that year. High infant mortality rates cause more couples to
have larger families to increase the odds that their children will make it to
adulthood.
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Document Summary
Human populations grew slowly at first and then at a much faster rate in recent years. Growth rate is the percent increase of population size over time; affected by births, deaths and the number of people moving into or out of a regional population. Crude birth/death rate is the number of offspring/deaths per 1000 individuals per year. Population density is the number of people per unit area. Agricultural revolution: first dramatic growth spurt 10,000 years ago, the amount of food we could grow rapidly increased, more food translated into healthier people, lower death rates and longer life spans, therefore, the growth rate increased. Industrial revolution: 1700s, rapid succession of advances in both sanitation and heath care including, vaccines, cleaner water, better nutrition, death rates fell, like expectancy rose and the population swelled. Overpopulation became a large issue after these revolutions as there were more people living in areas that didn"t have enough support from its natural and human resources.
