PSYC 455 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Nigrostriatal Pathway, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Learned Helplessness
26 Apr 2018
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Department
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PSYC 455
Lecture 21 – Final Review
• Final
1. Non-cumulative
• Clarifications
1. Porsolt Forced Swim Test
a. Used to study depression/learned helplessness in rats (i.e. the faster the rat
gives up, the faster they have learned helplessness):
- The better the anti-depressant the longer the rat swims (there are issues
with this however; people think this might be better at treating stress(?))
2. Antidepressant actions on the brain:
a. 2-6 weeks delay (i.e. the amount of time it takes a newly-born cell to develop
into an adult neuron)
b. Most AD’s irease AMP by their various GPCRs:
- cAMP stimulates PKA which stimulates pCREB:
i. An overexpression of pCREB is seen in the hippocampus (this cause
increased neurogenesis)
c. BDNF gee has a CRE eleet i.e. BDNF’s sythesis is regulated y pCREB:
- This is important because ost AD’s irease BDNF, hih (POSSIBLY)
increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus (this is important because
depressed people hae dereased hippo olue ad takig AD’s reerse the
decrease)
d. Neurogenesis:
- Decreased by stress
- Increased by exercise
3. Antipsychotics Pathway:
a. Two pathways:
- Mesocorticolimpic (DA neurons in the VTA):
i. Projects to:
NAcc
PFC
- Nigrostriatal (DA neurons in the SN):
i. Projects to:
CPU
- PFC to NAcc:
i. Glutamates inhibition inhibits GABA and inhibits DA release
b. DA Hypothesis:
- VTA to NACC (reward pathway)
i. Excessive DA release from the Nacc (Causes us to see the positive
symptoms)
- Refined DA hypothesis:
i. PFC (hypofrontality):
Not enough DA in the PFC (causes negative and cognitive
symptoms):
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 21 final review: final, non-cumulative, clarifications, porsolt forced swim test, used to study depression/learned helplessness in rats (i. e. the faster the rat gives up, the faster they have learned helplessness): An overexpression of pcreb is seen in the hippocampus (this cause increased neurogenesis: bdnf ge(cid:374)e has a cre ele(cid:373)e(cid:374)t (cid:894)i. e. bdnf"s sy(cid:374)thesis is regulated (cid:271)y pcreb(cid:895): This is important because (cid:373)ost ad"s i(cid:374)(cid:272)rease bdnf, (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h (possibly) increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus (this is important because depressed people ha(cid:448)e de(cid:272)reased hippo (cid:448)olu(cid:373)e a(cid:374)d taki(cid:374)g ad"s re(cid:448)erse the decrease: neurogenesis: Increased by exercise: antipsychotics pathway, two pathways: Glutamates inhibition inhibits gaba and inhibits da release: da hypothesis: Excessive da release from the nacc (causes us to see the positive symptoms) Not enough da in the pfc (causes negative and cognitive symptoms): Lack of da release in pfc may be the cause of excessive da release in nacc: antipsychotics:
