CRCJ 1000 Lecture 4: Criminology Lecture Notes January 28.docx

• School: Carleton University
• Department: Criminology and Criminal Justice
• Course: CRCJ 1000
• Professor: Jeffrey Mohonogan

Document Summary

The study of penality - examines the structures and systems of punishment and asks what these have to tell us about the nature of particular social systems. 14-15th centuries: rise in use of death penalty. Torture and the refinement in ways to inflict pain. Reformers: john howard (1726-1790), key text the state of the prison (1777) sovereign. Movement towards structured system of justice; rule of law. Political cost of retributive justice was too high. It was the antithesis of the more modern state. Newburn: in thinking about justifications for punishments, approaches are generally divided into two main camps. These are consequentialists on the one hand and retributivists (after "retribution") on the other. Retributivism is backward-looking rather than directly considering the future good. Retribution implies the imposition of something (punishment) in response to actions already undertaken. By contrast, consequentialist approaches tend to justify punishment on the basis of what it will achieve in the future.