BIOL 1902 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Trematoda, Body Cavity, Triploblasty

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19 Apr 2016

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Chordates are deuterosomes (chrordates > echotherms > protostomes) All animals start as a genome (just a refresher). Then you get the blastula which is a hollow cell wall (bumpy). Undergoes gastrulation which gives it a blastopore which is either the anus or the head. One deuterostomes end up being an anus and protostomes other type end up being the mouth. Do not have a central nervous system. The deutersomes and the protostomes clade are bilateral. Before that clade became bilateral (on the tree on the slide) there is the jellyfish and then the sponges. They are all bilaterally symmetric from site to side (similar to a butterfly) They all have a top bottom front and back. They all have an oral and an aboral side > radial symmetry. All bilateral animals have 3 types of germ layers: triploblastic not necessary: ectotherm nervous system, mesoderm muscles and bones, endotherm internal organs.

Related Questions

Which statement about crustaceans is true?

	They are the least prevalent marine arthropods today.
	Most have a body that is composed of three regions.
	Most have six legs attached to the head.
	They lack a carapace.
	They are the largest living group of arthropods.

13.

Which trait is unique to deuterostome animals?

	A coelom
	Spiral cleavage
	Bilateral symmetry
	Mouth formation on the end of embryos opposite the blastopore
	A nervous system

14.

Of the modern echinoderms,

	all have a water vascular system.
	most are crinoids.
	most have arms.
	most have an external skeleton.
	all use their tube feet for movement.

15.

Which statement about the notochord is true?

	It is rigid and inflexible.
	It is present in the adults of all chordates.
	It is made up of large cells with turgid vacuoles.
	It is located on the ventral side of an organism.
	It is a trait shared with sister groups of the chordates.

erinlizard726

The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.

a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment

pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment

an endoskeleton

a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo

deuterostomic development of theembryo

a hollow nerve cord

A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.

Teeth arose from the rough scalesof ancestral sharks.

Skeletal developments leading tothe amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe-finnedfishes.

Fish fins are ancestral(homologous) structures to the flippers (forelimbs) ofturtles.

The anterior gill arch formed thebasis for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw.

The swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of theamphibian urinary bladder.

Select the true statements concerning echinoderms.

They have an exoskeleton made ofhardened calcium carbonate plates.

Echinoderms have radiallysymmetrical larvae that give rise to bilaterally symmetricaladults.

Tube feet are used for locomotionand grasping objects.

Echinoderms are well represented inthe fossil record.

The blastopore of a sea star becomes its anus.

11.

A leafy sea dragon (Phycodurus eques) stays in a fixedposition in the water column as a tourist walks by the display inan aquarium. How is this possible?

The fish counteracts its negativebuoyancy by using its fins.

The fish is essentially hold itsbreath while remaining motionless.

The fish gulps air.

The fish has an operculum and a swim bladder.

15.

The biggest threat to terrestrial life when compared to anaquatic one is

availability of food.

lack of oxygen.

desiccation.

finding mates.

16.

A biologist looking for synapomorphic traits for chordates wouldchoose

segmentation.

possession of a backbone.

possession of an endoskeleton.

indeterminate radial cleavage inthe early embryo.

pharyngeal slits or pouches.

17.

Cartilage and bone contributed to increased size in vertebrates.Evaluate the following statements about these endoskeletal tissuesand determine if they are true or false.

1. A key element of vertebrate bone is a series of dermal ossiclesmade out of calcium carbonate. TrueFalse
2. Bone also contains crystals of a calcium phosphatesalt. TrueFalse
3. Cartilage contains fibers of the proteincollagen. TrueFalse
4. Vertebrate muscles work against bone to provide extraordinarypowers of locomotion. TrueFalse
5. Compared to chitin, bone is much less dynamic and morebrittle. TrueFalse

19.

The breast meat in the bucket of delicious fried chicken isresponsible for

running.

20.

Whales have truly large body sizes. The only invertebrates thatattain body sizes much larger than humans are giant squids. Whatfeature do whales and giant squids share that allow them to attainsuch large sizes?

	Endothermy
	Large brains
	Highly efficient gills
	Internal skeletons

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BIOL 1902 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Trematoda, Body Cavity, Triploblasty

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