CHEM 1F92 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: The Strongest, Electronegativity, Hydrogen Bond
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2 Mar 2018
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Intramolecular forces - chemical bonding, forces that hold atoms together in a molecule. Generally, intermolecular forces are much weaker than intramolecular forces. The strength of interactions depend on both the charge and the size of the ion. Ion-dipole forces are weaker than the ion-ion forces. Force of (na+- h2o) < force of (mg2+- h2o) The smaller the ion, and the larger its charge, the stronger the ion-dipole interaction. The positively charged end of a polar molecule such as h2o is attracted to negative ions and the negatively charged end of the molecule is attracted to positive ions. The orientation of dipoles depend on the charge on the ion. Heat of hydration is directly proportional to the strength of the ion-dipole interaction. The strongest ion-dipole force will have the highest heat of hydration. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole dipole force.
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