BIOL 2P03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Inner Mitochondrial Membrane, Thylakoid, Mitochondrial Matrix

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6 Feb 2017

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Inner chloroplast membrane: thylakoid membrane, pigments found in here absorb the light, photosynthesis only occurs in animal cells, where does the calvin cycle take place, mitochondrial matrix. Inner mitochondrial membrane: chloroplast stroma, thylakoid membrane, cytosol. Anaerobic metabolism: much faster but not as efficient as aerobic metabolism, wastes energy on glucose molecules. Aerobic metabolism: produces more energy, with oxygen, pyruvate goes into mitochondria and produces acetyl-coa. Pathways: glycolysis: glucose is converted into 2 pyruvates (oxidations) atp via substrate level phosphorylation (moving phosphate from high molecule to generate atp) electrons transferred from nad to create nadh etc . Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. Glucose 2 pyruvate that generates atp and nadh: pyruvate with oxygen goes into mitochondria, pyruvate without oxygen we generate lactate (donating electrons to pyruvate that generates lactate) Lactate is acidic cramps during exercise (not enough oxygen going to cells, generates a lot of lactate)

Related Questions

35. During the complete catabolism of glucose, CO2 is released during ____ (note: Krebs cycle = citric acid cycle)
A. glycolysis only
B. Krebs cycle only
C. Krebs cycle and oxidation of pyruvate
D. oxidation of pyruvate only
E. Krebs cycle, glycolysis and oxidation of pyruvate

36. A reaction center, a primary electron acceptor and many chlorophyll molecules are all components of a/an _________ .
A. fluorescence center
B. photosystem
C. electron transport chain
D. carbon-fixation unit
E. electromagnetic spectrum

37. Which of the following generates the most reducing power?
A. anabolism of isoleucine
B. Calvin cycle
C. glycolysis
D. citric acid cycle
E. Hobbes reactions

38. After completion of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____.

A. acetyl CoA
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. CO2
E. FADH2

39. The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in:
A. all membranes of the chloroplast
B. the stroma
C. the matrix
D. the tonoplast membrane
E. thylakoid membranes

40. When chloroplasts are illuminated with white light, chlorophyll primarily absorbs:
A. photons of all wavelengths
B. green light only
C. red light only
D. blue light only
E. red and blue light

goldwallaby134

1. Integrated metabolism

A. A molecule of glucose that you eat can eventually be transformed into part of a fatty acid that you store. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall flow of carbon atoms. Cross out any that are not.

Gluconeogenesis, beta-oxidation, citric acid cycle, glycolysis, urea cycle, fatty acid synthesis

B. Trace the metabolic path of this glucose molecule through the enzymes it encounters along the way to being made into fat. Write all the enzymes in the list below into the proper places in the figure below. If the enzyme is not used, write its name in a ânot used" column. If it is used, write the enzyme in the order that the carbon atoms from glucose encounter the enzymes.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase, fumarase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, hexokinase, carnitine acyltransferase, ATP synthase

B. What is the minimum number of glucose molecules that would be necessary to be the carbon source for synthesis of a 16-carbon fatty acid through this pathway?

C. How many net glucose can be made from one molecule of a 16-carbon fatty acid?

2. Describe each cycle/transport system (compounds, compartments, tissues) and explain its purpose:

A. citrate transport system

B. Cori cycle

C. glucose/alanine cycle

Explain the logic of these pathway regulations:

A. Phosphofructokinase, not hexokinase, is the main regulation site of glycolysis.

B. SuccinylCoA inhibits the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle.

C. NADH inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase.

D. Citrate inhibits the citric acid cycle and activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

E. Insulin leads to activation of glycogen synthase.

ochrereindeer904

force times distance

Question 48

Soccer (assuming field player) is a sport which is 90% aerobic.

True

False

Question 50

Glucose is necessary for fatty acid oxidation because...

		its derivative, pyruvate, is condensated with carbonic acid to form oxaloacetate, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle
		it is needed to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA which in turn is oxidized to acetyl CoA
		glucose is decarboxylated into cytochrome oxidase which is a necessary intermediate in the citric acid cycle
		its derivative, acetyl CoA, is condensated with carbonic acid to form lactase, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle

Question 51

In aerobic ATP production, the role of oxygen is to...

		to keep the electron transport chain operational
		to accept electrons from the 3rd cytochrome and thereby oxidizing it so it can accept new electrons
		act as a oxidizing agent by accepting electrons from the electron transport chain and combining with hydrogen ions (protons)
		all of the above

Question 52

The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is...

aerobic glycolysis

gluconeogenesis using lactate

the decarboxylation of carbon compounds to produce NADH.

the shuttling of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 55

Which of the following is the best predictor of marathon running performance?

	A.	Maximal rate of pyruvate oxidation
	B.	Maximal rate of lactate formation
	C.	Amount of adipose tissue triglycerides
	D.	Pre-race blood glucose concentration

emeraldfly517

BIOL 2P03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Inner Mitochondrial Membrane, Thylakoid, Mitochondrial Matrix

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