IMED3004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Colloid, Papillary Thyroid Cancer, Exophthalmos
1 Nov 2020
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Document Summary
A range of different pathological processes may lead to the same symptomatology: diagnosis needs to consider anatomical, biochemical factors as well as time course and pathological processes. Clinical consequences of thyroid disease: mechanical / anatomical. Thyroid enlargement = goitre" (can be unilateral, bilateral, localised or diffuse) Either by narrowing thoracic inlet or by direct impact on adjacent structures. Hyperplasia: diffuse / graves (autoimmune, multinodular goitre / nodular colloid goitre, neoplasia, adenomas (benign) In infancy or early childhood: historically called cretinism", usually endemic environmental or dietary iodine deficiency. Short stature, coarse facial features, protruding tongue, umbilical hernia and severe mental impairment: note: t3 and t4 cross the placenta, if there is maternal thyroid deficiency before the foetal thyroid develops (week 12-16) problems are severe. Population prevalence 0. 3%, but subclinical hypothyroidism-- approx 4% i. e. subtle. 10x more common in women than men (autoimmune thyroiditis: more common >60 years, may result from defect anywhere in hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid axis.
