IMED2001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Linezolid, Semisynthesis, Quinolone
26 Mar 2020
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Document Summary
Anti-infective drugs ( antimicrobials : antibacterial, antivirals s, antifungals, antiprotozoals, antihelminthics. Most antibiotics are products of bacteria or fungi that live in the soil. Microbes make these compounds in order to kill or inhibit other microbes that are competing for nutrients. The microbes which produce these compounds have also developed mechanisms to prevent themselves being killed by them- resistance mechanisms. Semisynthetic antibiotics: based on a natural antibiotic scaffold with chemical modifications. Synthetic antibiotics are relatively uncommon: sulfa drugs e. g. sulfamethoxazole, quinolones e. g. ciprofloxacin, oxazolidinones e. g. linezolid. Lactums: penicillins- many, cephalosporins- many, monobactams- azetreonam, carbapenems- imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem. Lactam/ -lactamase inhibitor combinations: -lactam can be destroyed by certain bacterial enzymes known as -lactamases, hence have developed -lactamase inhibitor combinations. Lincosamides: clindamycin, chemicals that will inhibit the bacterial. Aminoglycosides: enzyme: and they combine this with -lactam so that these cannot be destroyed, augmentin- amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, zerbaxa- ceftolozane+ tazobactam timentin- ticarcillin + clavulanic acid tazocin- piperacillin + tazobactam.
