KHA112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Herding, Neuroticism, Surgency
30 Jun 2018
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Psychology B week 7: Personality 3 & 4
- Personality allows us to predict a person’s behavior
oWhat kind of personality associated with risk taking, sports
performance, how a person responds to stress
Trait Personality:
Ways of typing people:
- Type A: organized, driven, intense
- Type B: relaxed, laid back
Trait concept is different:
- Not distinguishing between typology, more about evaluating characteristics on
a continuum
- Determined using a factor analysis:
oLooking to see how clusters of traits join together
oLooks to se how they are related to one another
oTrait psychology: factor analysis helps identify what people are like
- Allport: define traits
oBuilding blocks of personality
oAn observed tendency to behave in certain a way
oAn inferred underlying disposition that results in this behavioural
tendency
Why was it that this person wanted to meet new people
- Traits: fairly consistent aspects of our personality
oEmotional, behavioural, cognitive tendencies
oRelatively consistent regardless of the situation we are in
oDescriptive approach: about being able to look at how much of a
particular characteristic a person is like
oThere are key traits identified, but vary in thoughts on how many traits
we have
oExtraversion vs. introversion: on a spectrum
Not about whether outgoing or not, about how much
stimulation you need to get energy
Jung first discussed, then further developed by Eysenck
- Two factor theory: Hans & Eysenck
oIntroverted vs. extraversion
oStable vs. instability: emotional stability
oIndividual may be plotted in a graph in terms of other descriptions:
Touchy
Restless
Responsible
Calm
oNot just four different types, viewed on a dimension
- PEN: Hierarchical model of personality, four-level
oPeople tend to produce specific acts as a part of their everyday
systems, the ones they do frequently become habits
oOnce these become habitual, group together and form a trait
oSpecific responses (acts and cognitions), leads to, habits (reliable and
consistent), leads to, traits (formed by several habitual responses),
leads to, types (super-traits
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oSuper-traits:
Psychoticism
Extraversion: tend to be sociable, agreeable, easy to get along
with, outgoing
Neuroticism: relates to emotional stability
Less mobile you are to regulate emotions
- Allport: suggested that we shouldn’t think of things in terms of four but rather
three levels
oDifferent levels of traits that will influence differently
oCardinal traits: fundamental principles that you live
Peacefully resisting injustice
Not everybody has cardinal traits
oCentral traits: major characteristics: worry, optimistic
oSecondary traits: specific personal features
Don’t tell much about behavior
Liking different foods
oInterested in how things work together
oRelied on case studies to explore his ideas
- Cattell: 16PF
o16 factors can be viewed as source traits, the important ones as they
underlie the cause of the surface trait
Core trait define surface trait
Trusting person having the surface trait of being able to make
new friends easily
o16PF: 16 Personality Factor Inventory
oalso distinguished by common vs. unique traits
- The ‘Big Five’ Personality Factors: McCrae and Costa
oFive relatively broad personality dimensions, with facets
oNot about categorizing someone, but where someone sits along a
spectrum
oBelief that factors for personality tend to be stable after developmental
stages
oEvidence for cultural stability: across different cultures there appears
to be the same group of characteristics
oMade up of facets, which may be inherited from parents
oFacets overlap with existing theories
Openness (intellect): imaginative, creative, original, curious
Consciousness: hard-working, well organized, punctual
Diligent
Extroversion joiner, talker, active, affectionate
Agreeableness: trusting, lenient, soft-hearted, good-natured
Easy to get along with
Opposite: antagonistic, always making problems, disruptive
Neuroticism: worried, temperamental, emotional, reactive, take
things personally
oNot just about the factor but what aspects of the facets are built
beneath that
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