EXSS3023 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Insulin Resistance
4 Sep 2018
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Imbalance between food consumption, activity, environment, biology, societal influences, psychology. Inactivity > abdominal adiposity > macrophage infiltration of visceral fat > chronic inflammation > insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, neurodegeration, tumour growth > diseases. Adipocytes: fat cell hypertrophy - enlargement of fat cells, fat cell hyperplasia - increased number of fat cells (difficulty maintaining low fat level after weight loss) Fat distribution: subcutaneous fat - between dermis and muscle, ectopic fat - accumulation of fat in non-adipose tissues that have no capacity for fat storage. Measuring fatness: bmi, skinfolds, underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance, waist circumference. If energy in is above energy expenditure, then it accumulates (as glycogen and fat) Body weight maintained by 3 pressures (homeostasis + environment + behaviour) Glucose > pyruvate > acetyl coa > citric acid cycle > atp > electron transport chain > atp. Glucose tolerance: how well the body is able to break down glucose. Eating > ghrelin (hunger hormone responds to low glucose levels)
