CHEM1112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Atomic Number, Covalent Bond, Structural Formula
19 May 2018
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Department
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Professor
Determine the geometry and hybridisation state for each carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atom in
a molecule
Molecular geometries
Use molecular geometries to work out bond angles for stick drawings
Carbon has atomic number 6
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2 x 2s e- and 2 x 2p e- available
○
2s and 2p orbitals mix/hybridise
○
(1s22s22p2) valence of 4, shares 4e- to form 4 covalent bonds
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Hybridisation
1.1
Saturday, 12 August 2017
3:22 PM
1. Representations of molecular structure Page 1
Screen clipping taken: 13/08/2017 1:06 PM
Alkanes
sp3
hybridisation
2s orbital mixes with 3 x 2p orbitals
1 x s + 3 x p -> 4 x sp3-> 4 single bonds
from 4 identical orbitals
Screen clipping taken: 13/08/2017 1:08 PM
Screen clipping taken: 13/08/2017 1:13 PM
Screen clipping taken: 13/08/2017 1:09 PM
Alkenes
Sp2
hybridisation
2s orbital mixes with 2 x 2p orbitals
1 x s + 2 x p -> 3x sp2orbitals (1 x p is
unhybridized) -> 3 identical orbitals +
one unhybridized -> 3 single bonds + 1
double bond
Screen clipping taken: 13/08/2017 1:12 PM
1. Representations of molecular structure Page 2
Document Summary
Determine the geometry and hybridisation state for each carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atom in a molecule. Use molecular geometries to work out bond angles for stick drawings. Carbon has atomic number 6 (1s22s22p2) valence of 4, shares 4e- to form 4 covalent bonds. 2s and 2p orbitals mix/hybridise: representations of molecular structure page 1. 2s orbital mixes with 3 x 2p orbitals hybridisation. 1 x s + 3 x p -> 4 x sp3 -> 4 single bonds from 4 identical orbitals. 2s orbital mixes with 2 x 2p orbitals hybridisation. 1 x s + 2 x p -> 3x sp2 orbitals (1 x p is unhybridized) -> 3 identical orbitals + one unhybridized -> 3 single bonds + 1 double bond. Screen clipping taken: 13/08/2017 1:12 pm: representations of molecular structure page 2. 2s orbital mixes with 1 x 2p orbital hybridisation.
