HUBS1403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Stratified Squamous Epithelium, Loose Connective Tissue, Smooth Muscle Tissue
18 May 2018
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Lecture'12'–'Membranes,'Muscular'and'Nervous'Tissue'
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1. Define!membrane!in!terms!of!tissues.!
Membranes!are!flat!sheets!of!pliable!tissue!that!cover!or!line!a!part!of!the!body.!
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2. List!and!describe!where!you!would!find!the!four!membrane!types!in!the!body.!
• Mucous!membranes!line!body!cavities!that!open!directly!to!the!exterior.!They!line!the!entire!
digestive,!respiratory,!and!reproductive!tracts,!and!much!of!the!urinary!tract.!They!consist!of!a!lining!
layer!of!epithelium!and!an!underlying!layer!of!connective!tissue.!
• Serous!membranes!line!a!body!cavity!that!does!not!open!directly!to!the!exterior!and!it!covers!organs!
that!are!within!the!cavity.!They!consist!of!areolar!connective!tissue!covered!by!mesothelium.!
• Cutaneous!membranes!cover!the!entire!surface!of!the!body!and!consist!of!a!superficial!portion!called!
the!epidermis!and!the!dermis.!They!consist!of!keratinized!stratified!squamous!epithelium,!which!
protects!underlying!tissues.!
• Synovial!membranes!line!the!cavities!of!freely!movable!joints.!They!line!structures!that!do!not!open!
to!the!exterior.!They!are!composed!of!a!discontinuous!layer!of!cells!called!synoviocytes.!
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3. What!are!the!three!types!of!muscles!in!the!body,!what!do!they!do!and!where!can!they!be!found?!
• Skeletal!muscle!consists!of!long,!cylindrical,!striated!fibres!and!are!usually!found!attached!to!bones!by!
tendons.!They!provide!motion,!posture,!heat!production!and!protection.!
• Cardiac!muscle!tissue!consists!of!branched,!striated!fibres!with!one!centrally!located!nucleus.!It!is!
generally!found!in!the!heart!wall!and!allows!the!heart!to!pump!blood!to!all!parts!of!the!body.!
• Smooth!muscle!tissue!consists!of!fibres!usually!involuntary!and!nonJstriated.!It!is!a!small!spindleJ
shaped!cell!thickest!in!the!middle,!tapering!at!each!end.!It!is!found!in!the!iris!of!the!eyes,!and!walls!of!
hollow!internal!structures.!It!allows!motion!in!these!structures.!
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4. What!are!the!two!main!types!of!cells!in!nervous!tissue!and!what!roles!do!they!play?!
• Dendrites!are!tapering,!highly!branched!and!usually!short!cells!processes.!They!are!the!major!
receiving!or!input!portion!of!a!neuron.!
• Axons!are!a!single,!thin,!cylindrical!process!that!may!be!very!long.!It!is!the!output!portion!of!a!neuron,!
conducting!nerve!impulses!towards!another!neuron.!
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