HUBS1403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Fluorine, Hydrophile, Body Fluid
18 May 2018
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Lecture'3'–'Chemical'Bonds'and'Shapes'
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1. Complete!the!table!
Type!of!bond!
Definition!
Strength!
Diagram!
Ionic!
Created!by!electrical!attraction!
between!cations!and!anions!
Strong!!
!
Covalent!
Atoms!complete!their!valence!
shells!by!sharing!electrons!
Very!strong!
!
Hydrogen!!
Between!hydrogen!and!oxygen,!
nitrogen!or!fluorine!
Weak!
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2. What!are!the!two!types!of!covalent!bonds!and!what!is!the!difference!between!them?!
Polar!–!electrons!unequally!shared;!atoms!are!slight!negative!or!slight!positive!
NonMpolar!–!electrons!shared!equally;!atoms!are!neutral!
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3. What!are!the!four!properties!of!water!that!make!our!existence!dependent!on!it?!
• Solvent!
• Reactivity!
• High!heat!capacity!
• Lubrication!!
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4. Define!hydrophobic!and!give!an!example!of!a!hydrophobic!substance.!
Water!hating,!e.g.!lipids!
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5. Define!hydrophilic!and!give!an!example!of!a!hydrophilic!substance.!
Water!loving,!e.g.!alcohols!and!ketones!
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6. What!are!the!important!electrolytes!in!body!fluid!and!how!are!the!concentrations!maintained?!
Sodium,!potassium,!calcium,!bicarbonate,!magnesium,!chloride!and!phosphate.!They!are!maintained!via!
homeostasis.!
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7. Describe!the!pH!scale!and!what!it!measures.!
It!measures!how!acidic!or!basic!a!substance!is!depending!on!the!concentration!of!H!and!OH!ions.!
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8. A!pH!of!7!is!neutral.!A!pH!greater!than!7!is!alkaline.!A!pH!less!than!7!is!acidic.!The!normal!pH!of!blood!
is!from!7.35!to!7.45.!
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