EPSCIE120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cosmic Microwave Background, Null Hypothesis
29 Jun 2018
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Branches of Science - All branches of science are interconnected and one cannot work without applying
the others.
-Biology
-Chemistry
-Geology
-Astronomy
-Physics
Fact: A scientific idea that has been proven.
Theory: a well-researched idea that is yet to be proven.
Law: An idea that has been proven and accepted.
Hypothesis: An educated guess based on past observations.
Scientific Method - science is a constant cycle. All observations must be recorded to validate idea.
Results must be able to be reproduced.
1. Pose a question/idea.
2. Make observations, identify patterns.
3. Develop a null hypothesis.
4. Test hypothesis (experiment).
5. Analyse results.
6. reject/accept hypothesis.
7. State conclusions.
The Big Bang is the most scientifically accepted theory about the origin of the universe.
Evidence for the Big Bang:
1. Hubble’s Law of Universal Expansion - the universe is expanding. Everything is moving away
from us. Calculates how fast a galaxy is travelling away from us.
2. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation - Radiation in the microwave frequency that falls on
to the Earth from space.
3. Abundance of Light Elements - H, He and Li. there are huge amount of them in the universe and
each element has many isotopes.
Four Fundamental Forces in the Universe:
1. Gravity
2. Electromagnetism
3. Strong Nuclear Forces
4. Weak Nuclear Forces
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Branches of science - all branches of science are interconnected and one cannot work without applying the others. Fact: a scientific idea that has been proven. Theory: a well-researched idea that is yet to be proven. Law: an idea that has been proven and accepted. Hypothesis: an educated guess based on past observations. Scientific method - science is a constant cycle. All observations must be recorded to validate idea. Results must be able to be reproduced: pose a question/idea, make observations, identify patterns, develop a null hypothesis, test hypothesis (experiment), analyse results. The big bang is the most scientifically accepted theory about the origin of the universe. Evidence for the big bang: hubble s law of universal expansion - the universe is expanding.
