483 Lecture 15: notes for letcure 15
14 Jun 2018
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Major Characteristics 1. Most fungi are multi-cellular eukaryotes; but, afew are unicellular
like yeast 2. Fungi are non-motile 3. Most are heterotrophic and consume organic
matter. They lack chlorophyll A. Those that obtain nourishment from non-living (dead) hosts
are called saprophytes B. Those that obtain nourishment from living hosts are called
parasites 4. Mostfungi are decomposers that produce powerful digestive en1J1mes that they
introduce into their immediate environment to break down organic matter A. They can
destroy and damage stored food and goods B. They can damage live timber C. In
partnership with bacteria,fungi are considered the earth's decomposers 5. In the
vegetative condition, thefungus body (thallus) is called a mycelium 6. The mycelium is
thefood-absorbing portion ofthefungaJ body 7. The mycelium is actually a network
ofJilaments called hyphae 8. There are 2 kinds of hyphae A. Septate - hyphae that are
divided into successive compartments by cross walls or septa B. Coenocytic (or nonseptate) -
hyphae that are continuous and are without cross walls 9. Unlike plant cells,/ungal cell walls
contain chitin rather than cellulose (recall chitin is f ound in Ihe exoskeleton ofim'ects and olher
arthropods) 10. The energy reserves of/ungi is not starch - like plants; but, is glycogen - like
animals 11. Reproduction is by motile - or non-motile spores that may be produced sexually or
asexually 12. Some uses of/ungi A. Baking B. Cheese production C. Brewing 0/ beer D. Wine
making 13. There are approximately 200 species of edible/ungi and about 70 poisonous species
14. Fungi include over 80,000 species 15. Fungi are found in a wide variety 0/habitats; but,
seem especially adapted to dark, moist environments 16. Mycology is the study o//ungi and a
mycologist is one who studies mycology Classification 1. Fungi may be classyU!d as follows
Kingdom Fungi Division Myxomycophyta - sLime moles Division Eumycophyta - true fungi Class
Phycomycetae - algal fungi Class Ascomycetae - sac fungi Class Basidomycetae - club fungi
Class Deuteromycetae - imperfect fungi Division Myxomycopbyta (slime molds) 1. Out
textbook, Mader, 10th Ed., (page 388) classifies slime moles in the Kingdom Protista and not
Kingdom Fungi. This is based on the 2 characteristics ofslime moles A. Slime moles lack cell
walls B. Slime molds possess flagellated cells at some time in their live cycle 2.
However, we willJollow the classification scheme provided in Dr. Williams Lab Manual 4th Ed.
(pages 86 and 116) and include slime molds in the Kingdom Fungi 3. Slime molds are
important decomposers in woodlands 4. The vegetative state ofslime molds is mobile and
amoeboid Division Eumycopbyta (true fungi) 1. Class Pbycomycetae (algal fungi) A.
Cbaracteristics 1) Are called algalJungi because some members of this Class reproduce
sexually like green algae 2) They are sometimes called 'J'gospore Jung; 3) There are
approximately 1,050 species 4) Some are parasites ofsoil protozoans 5) Many (like Rhizopus)
live on/ood, especially bakery goods like bread B. Rhizopus and its Life Cycle (See Handout of
Figure 15.2, page 197 ofMader Lab Manual, lOth Ed.) 1) Rhizopus is commonly used as an
example of Class Phycomycetae 2) It is afilamentous mold called black bread mold 3) Its
mycelium (body) is composed of mostly non-septate hyphae 4) There are 3 types 0/hyphae
associated with Rhizopus a) Sporangiophores - aerUd hyphae that extend out and bear many
smalJ black sporangia b) Rhizoids - root-like structures that embed into the food substrate on
which the mold is growing - rhizoids carry out digestion and anchor the mycelium c) Stolons -
filaments running parallel to the sur/ace of/ood 5) Life cycle a) Windblown spores are
produced during both sexual and asexual reproduction b) ~exualReproductioD •
Asexual reproduction is the norm • See very bottom of Figure 15.2 • All structures
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Document Summary
Those that obtain nourishment from non-living (dead) hosts. Those that obtain nourishment from living hosts are called. Most fungi are multi-cellular eukaryotes; but, afew are unicellular. They lack chlorophyll a. are called saprophytes b. parasites 4. There are 2 kinds of hyphae a. divided into successive compartments by cross walls or septa b. coenocytic (or nonseptate) - hyphae that are continuous and are without cross walls 9. Unlike plant cells,/ungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose (recall chitin is f ound in ihe exoskeleton ofim"ects and olher arthropods) 10. The energy reserves of/ungi is not starch - like plants; but, is glycogen - like animals 11. Reproduction is by motile - or non-motile spores that may be produced sexually or asexually 12. Cheese production c. brewing 0/ beer d. wine making 13. There are approximately 200 species of edible/ungi and about 70 poisonous species: fungi include over 80,000 species 15.
