TOUR1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Eye Contact, Paternalism, Parenting
Lecture Wk9: Intercultural Communication
Tuesday, 15 May 2018
00:30
Agenda for communication:
• Intercultural communications
~ different forms of communications
• Cultural intelligence
• Relationships: individual or collective
• High context or low context
• Power: hierarchical or democratic
Intercultural communications:
• Is becoming inevitable; it is also an opportunities to understand the importance and
need of adapting to different circumstances with different way of communication
• major challenges can include:
~ translation of language: use of slang, proverbs
~ lack of understanding of cultural contexts
~ lack of understanding of mannerisms
~ globalisation: mixture of cultures
• Will relate to:
~ body language
~ address systems
~ conversation openings and closings
~ topic choice
~ helping and advising
~ turn control
~ quantity and style of talk
~ paying attention
~ apologising
~ complimenting
~ self presentation
~ politeness and "face"
~ negotiating
~ presenting information
Communications always depends on:
1. The relationship between the people involved
2. The purpose of the communications
3. The context (the location and the circumstance of the situation)
Cultural intelligence
• Cultural intelligence is a person's capability to function effectively in situations
characterised by cultural diversity
~ ability to interact with people of other cultures
~ know which culture you belong to
~ don't make assumptions about people's culture on their ethnicity or nationality
CQ's importance to you and me
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• Ability to function effectively in multi-cultural situations is important for employees,
managers & organisations
• Provides insights about their capacity to cope with multi-cultural situations, engage in
cross-cultural interactions appropriately & perform effectively in culturally diverse work
groups
• How best to interact with them in multi-cultural situations
• How best to appropriately engage in cross-cultural interactions
Four factors of cultural intelligence:
1. Knowledge
2. Strategy
3. Motivation
4. Behaviour
Knowledge (#1)
• Reflects knowledge of norms, practices, and conventions in different cultures that has
been acquired from educational and personal experiences
• Is a person's understanding of how cultures are similar and how cultures are different
• Reflects general knowledge structures & mental maps about cultures
• Includes:
~ economic and legal systems
~ norms for social interaction
~ religious beliefs
~ aesthetic values
~ language in different cultures
• All have cultural universals
~ technological innovations
~ methods of attaining food
~ economic activity
~ patterns of social interaction
~ child raising practices
~ beliefs and behaviours
• Knowledge of specific cultures influence people's thoughts and behaviours
• Uderstadig a soiety’s ulture ad the opoets of ulture allos idiiduals to etter
appreciate the systems that shape and cause specific patterns of social interaction within a
culture.
• Those with greater knowledge of cultural intelligence are better able to interact with people
from a culturally different society
Strategy
• An individuals level of conscious cultural awareness during cross-cultural interactions
• How a person makes sense of inter-cultural experiences
• The processes individuals use to acquire & understand cultural knowledge
• People make judgements about their own thought processes & those of others
• People with high strategy (cultural intelligence) question their own cultural assumptions,
reflect during interactions, and adjust their cultural knowledge when interacting with those
from other cultures
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• Cultural strategy is important because:
~ promotes active thinking about people and situations in different settings
~ triggers active challenges to rigid reliance on certain cultures
~ drives individuals to adapt and revise their strategies so they are more culturally
appropriate
Motivation
• A person's interest in experiencing other cultures & interacting with people from different
cultures
• Is magnitude & direction of energy applied toward learning about and functioning in cross-
cultural situations
• Includes the intrinsic (internal) value people place on culturally diverse interactions as well as
their sense of confidence that they can function effectively in settings characterised by cultural
diversity
• A highly motivated person will:
~ 1. expect to successfully learn a task (or activity)
~ 2. appreciate the value of learning and interacting with different cultures
• This form of cultural intelligence is important as it is a source of drive
• It involves effort and energy toward functioning in novel cultural settings
Behaviour
• A person's capability to adapt verbal and nonverbal behaviour so it is appropriate for different
cultures
• When individuals initiate and maintain face to face interactions, they do not have access to
each other's latent (internal) thoughts, feelings or motivation
• Can only rely on what they see and hear in the other person's vocal, facial and other outward
expressions
• The behavioural repertories of cultures vary in 3 ways
~ in the specific range of behaviours that are enacted
~ in the display rules that govern when and under what circumstances specific nonverbal
expressions are required, preferred, permitted or prohibited
~ in the interpretations or meaning that are attributed to particular nonverbal behaviour
• Individuals with high behavioural cultural intelligence are flexible and can adjust their
behaviours to the specifics of each situations
• Because behavioural expressions are especially important in cross-cultural encounters, this
component of cultural intelligence may be the most important critical factors that observers
use to assess the other's cultural intelligence
How do you build cross-cultural relationships
1. Make a conscious decision to establish friendships with people from other cultures
2. Put yourself in situations where you will meet people of other cultures
3. Ask people questions about their cultures, customs, and views
4. Read about other people's culture's and histories
5. Listen to people tell their stories
6. Notice differences in communication styles and values
7. Risk making mistakes
8. Learn to be an ally
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
~ different forms of communications: cultural intelligence, relationships: individual or collective, high context or low context, power: hierarchical or democratic. Is becoming inevitable; it is also an opportunities to understand the importance and need of adapting to different circumstances with different way of communication major challenges can include: ~ translation of language: use of slang, proverbs. ~ globalisation: mixture of cultures: will relate to: Communications always depends on: the relationship between the people involved, the purpose of the communications, the context (the location and the circumstance of the situation) Cultural intelligence: cultural intelligence is a person"s capability to function effectively in situations characterised by cultural diversity. ~ ability to interact with people of other cultures. ~ don"t make assumptions about people"s culture on their ethnicity or nationality. Four factors of cultural intelligence: knowledge, strategy, motivation, behaviour. Knowledge (#1: reflects knowledge of norms, practices, and conventions in different cultures that has been acquired from educational and personal experiences.
