POLY1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: David Leyonhjelm, Political Compass, Policy Review
Lecture 3 - Values and Concepts in Social Policy
Review:
rational vs critical approaches to policy
Bacchis framework
Policy process/cycle diagram
EXAM
in PP
policies are rarely completely settled, but are frequently contested & revisited
can start anywhere on the cycle
Identifying issues:
what are we seeing as the problem?
how do we get this to the fore?
Policy analysis:
defining what policy should look like
look at context
Social, political impacts
costs associated
Different options
Policy instruments
Consultation
key stakeholders
e.g. town hall meetings
Coordination
Decision
Implementation
Evaluation
unwanted impacts
identify issues
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Process repeats
Ideas and values
Pivotal ideas in social policy include: need; desert (merit); rights; justice; and efficiency
how these ideas and values are interpreted and the significance we place on them
depends on beliefs about:
what works (how individuals and socs behave and develop)
role of the state, individuals, families, markets, and civil society
what ought to be (key values)
people have different beliefs about these things -> contested nature of policy (politics)
Medicare example:
what works (how individuals and socs behave and develop)
role of the state, individuals, families, markets, and civil society
whose responsibility is it to pay for healthcare services
Unproblematisation of the market
what ought to be (key values)
people thinking govt ought to provide healthcare - Australian value
welfare, responsibility & values
welfare raises fundamental questions and rights and obligations of citizenship and
the scope and purpose of public policy
tension between principles of community responsibility towards others and
personal responsibility towards oneself
Key value tension in welfare
E.g. childhood obesity
social or personal problem?
Political landscape
political compass in PP
often framed in regards to attitudes towards:
economy
left - should run by a cooperative collective
right - should be left to the market (competing individual and organisations)
social (amount of personal freedom we should have)
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Libertarianism - social progressive
Personal freedom should be maximised
Authoritarianism - social conservative
belief that authority and tradition should be obeyed
spectrum - not just extremes
Political traditions
Dalton -
Libertarian
individual self interest and individual (negative) freedoms are paramount
Varying from moderate to extreme in this belief
places high value on market and is hostile to govt action
Exemplified by thatcher + Reagan govts
in aust - liberal democrats and some liberals
e.g. David Leyonhjelm
social liberal
draws on utilitarian ideas
very influential in Aust social policy
e.g. Menzies + fraser
values individual freedom highly, but in the context that people require the positive
freedoms of being able to realise their aspirations
recognising that social conditions can impact on ppls chance in life -> social
goals
Political parties: some of liberals, some of labor
Egalitarian
Reflects social democratic philosophy
everyone is equal and therefore have equal civic, political and social rights
redistribution is justified and believed to benefit society via the provision of equal
opportunity
Political parties: greens, labor (to an extent)
Communitarian
high value on social relationships, cooperation and promotion of community
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 3 - values and concepts in social policy. Exam in pp policies are rarely completely settled, but are frequently contested & revisited can start anywhere on the cycle. Policy analysis: defining what policy should look like look at context. Medicare example: what works (how individuals and soc(cid:1685)s behave and develop) role of the state, individuals, families, markets, and civil society whose responsibility is it to pay for healthcare services. Authoritarianism - (cid:1684)social conservative(cid:1685) belief that authority and tradition should be obeyed spectrum - not just extremes. Libertarian individual self interest and individual (negative) freedoms are paramount. Varying from moderate to extreme in this belief places high value on market and is hostile to govt action. Political parties: some of liberals, some of labor. Reflects social democratic philosophy everyone is equal and therefore have equal civic, political and social rights redistribution is justified and believed to benefit society via the provision of equal opportunity.
