POLS1301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Naturism, Statism, Populism
Lecture 7 - Fascism, Nationalism and Populism
**Nationalism is not in assessment**
Fascism is nationalist and populist, but nationalism and populism are not necessarily
fascist
all 3 have homogenous view of the people
Facism:
Emerged in interwar period
debate about whether fascism is set, or is manifested differently in each nation it arises
in
Mussolini was critical in inventing fascist ideology
first fascist govt
was statist, rather than racist
Socialism sees fascism as capitalism in crisis
idea that human nature is fragile, insecure, and we like to obey, and therefore given the
chance we will follow leaders beyond moral lines
We want to feel part of a collective
it is in our nature to feel insecure
others argue fascism only arises when there are a certain set of circumstances, e.g.
post-WW1
fascism has a problem with both liberalism and socialism
Key Categories:
1. Anti-rational
emotion and instinct
inequality of human beings
group identity, belonging, blood, soil are a fundamental part of humans
We all want to feel our own superiority
will to power
human struggle and desire to be god (control + expand) drives history
find more resources at oneclass.com
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incessant focus on activity + movement
Mussolini - inactivity is death
Patriarchal
dont like abstract intellectual ideas
3 types of people:
Leader
followers/champions of leader
those who need to be led
if we are not rational, we are not all equal
Different to liberalism - liberalism uses rationalism as the basis for equality
reason does not drive/motivate people
doesnt provide for peoples needs
comes from counter-enlightenment
move against universalism, scientific enquiry, rationalism
focus on human animal instincts
vegetarianism, nudism, breastfeeding
2. Nationalist and statist
organic nation - regeneration
Naturally occurring human collectivity based on ethnicity and place
nation has a living character that is more important than individuals
individuals can be sacrificed to promote glory + superiority of the nation
state embodies nation
Corporatism
Tolerates private property
class is not important
workers + businesses must work together for the good of the nation
economic concerns subordinated to nations needs
revolutionary character - returning to greatness if we can get rid of the problem group
story behind why nation is failing/not ruling - scapegoat: e.g. Jews
3. Revolutionary
Anti-democratic
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Fascism is nationalist and populist, but nationalism and populism are not necessarily fascist all 3 have homogenous view of (cid:1684)the people(cid:1685) Emerged in interwar period debate about whether fascism is set, or is manifested differently in each nation it arises in. Mussolini was critical in inventing fascist ideology first fascist govt was statist, rather than racist. Socialism sees fascism as capitalism in crisis idea that human nature is fragile, insecure, and we like to obey, and therefore given the chance we will follow leaders beyond moral lines. Anti-rational emotion and instinct inequality of human beings group identity, belonging, blood, soil are a fundamental part of humans. We all want to feel our own superiority will to power human struggle and desire to (cid:1684)be god(cid:1685) (control + expand) drives history incessant focus on activity + movement. Leader followers/champions of leader those who need to be led if we are not rational, we are not all equal.
