NEUR3002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Neuropathology, Falx, Arachnoid Mater
The Injured “Brain”: Aetiology & Pathology
1. Statistics of Brain Injury
Mechanical Force exerted on brain/ spinal cord Traumatic Brain Injury & Spinal Cord Injury
1.1. Demographics in Australia
oEstimated 339,000 Australians with brain injury Moderate TBI + Severe TBI
oEstimated 10,000 Australians with SCI paraplegia + quadriplegia
1.2. Main Causes
oTransport accident (52%)
oFalls (29%)
oStrike or collision (8%)
oWater-related (8%)
1.3. Incidence (TBI & SCI)
oMostly males age group 10-30years old (incidence peak @ 20years old)
2. Closed vs Penetrating Injuries of CNS
2.1. Penetrating Injuries
Disrupt meninges and cause damage through physical entrance of an object
2.2. Closed Injuries
Meningeal coverings remain intact. Parenchyma injury caused by contusion, compression or laceration.
Mechanism:
oWhen accident from front, impact in front causes brain to hit back of head occipital lobe dmg
oBody slams back in rebound, brain hits front of head frontal lobe dmg
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Axonal Injury mechanism:
oStretched axon
oSheared axon
oTwisted axon
oCompressed axon
Possible Sites of brain haemorrhaging after closed head injury:
oIntracerebral bleeding inside brain
oSubarachnoid bleeding in subarachnoid
oSubdural bleeding between arachnoid mater and dura mater
o*Epidural bleeding between dura mater and skull blood accumulate compression of brain
tissue inwards
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Document Summary
The injured brain : aetiology & pathology: statistics of brain injury. Mechanical force exerted on brain/ spinal cord traumatic brain injury & spinal cord injury. Demographics in australia: estimated 339,000 australians with brain injury moderate tbi + severe tbi, estimated 10,000 australians with sci paraplegia + quadriplegia. Main causes: transport accident (52%, falls (29%, strike or collision (8%, water-related (8%) Incidence (tbi & sci: mostly males age group 10-30years old (incidence peak @ 20years old, closed vs penetrating injuries of cns. Disrupt meninges and cause damage through physical entrance of an object. Parenchyma injury caused by contusion, compression or laceration. Mechanism: when accident from front, impact in front causes brain to hit back of head occipital lobe dmg, body slams back in rebound, brain hits front of head frontal lobe dmg. Axonal injury mechanism: stretched axon, sheared axon, twisted axon, compressed axon. Tentorium cerebelli separates cerebellum and brainstem from the occipital lobes brain flexibility: dural sinuses.
