BIOM2071 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Blood Sugar Regulation, Fatty Liver
Document Summary
Metabolic processing of major nutrients after absorption from digestive tract. Blood sugar regulation (storage and glycogen release) Triad: portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct. Lobule: hepatocytes (long segments of liver cells), separated by sinusoids: within connective tissue outside lobule. Vasculature: portal vein/system direct blood from parts of git to liver (nutrients absorbed, stored or detoxified) Excess fat in vacuole of cytoplasm of hepatocytes decreased energy level. Liver regulates bile acid synthesis and fatty acid metabolism: fatty acids enter hepatocyte esterified to triglycerides converted to cholesterol, incorporated into phospholipid or converted to ketone bodies within mitochondria. Types: alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Complications: liver/kidney failure, hypoglycaemia, hyperuricaemia, jaundice, blood coagulopathy, pre-eclampsia, pancreatitis: potentially reversible changes: steatosis and necrosis. Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, general malaise, dic, oliguria, tachycardia. Diagnosis: liver function test ( transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time), liver biopsy (contraindicated if blood coagulopathy), mri, ct, uss.
