BIOM1060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Pericardium, Bone Marrow, Circulatory System
BIOM1060 20/03/18
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ANATOMY (Part 1)
THE HEART
Functions of cardiovascular system and blood
- Transport: oxygen, nutrients, waste and hormones
- Homeostasis: body temperature, pH level and blood volume/pressure
- Protection: white blood cells
Major structures of cardiovascular system
- Blood: fluid connective tissue transported throughout system
- Heart: muscular organ that pumps blood to all body parts
- Blood vessels
o Arteries: carry oxygenated blood away from heart
o Capillaries: exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between blood and tissues
o Veins: return deoxygenated blood to heart
Composition of blood
- Erythrocytes (RBC)
- Leukocytes (WBC)
- Platelets (blood clotting)
- Plasma (extracellular matrix)
Life cycle of red blood cells
- Formed in red bone marrow
- Removed by liver and spleen
- Components recycled (120 day cycle)
Pulmonary and systemic circulations
- Right = deoxygenated, left = oxygenated
Heart
- Location: mediastinum of thorax
- Pericardium: surrounds and anchors heart and prevents overfilling
o Outer fibrous pericardium
o Inner serous pericardium
▪ Parietal layer (outer)
▪ Visceral layer (innermost)
• Fluid pericardial cavity between serous layers (prevents friction)
- Chambers: atria = entry hall, ventricles = pumps
- Oracles: extensions of atria (extra reservoir space for overfilling of heart)
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Document Summary
Homeostasis: body temperature, ph level and blood volume/pressure. Blood: fluid connective tissue transported throughout system. Heart: muscular organ that pumps blood to all body parts. Blood vessels: arteries: carry oxygenated blood away from heart, capillaries: exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between blood and tissues, veins: return deoxygenated blood to heart. Pericardium: surrounds and anchors heart and prevents overfilling: outer fibrous pericardium, inner serous pericardium, parietal layer (outer, visceral layer (innermost, fluid pericardial cavity between serous layers (prevents friction) Chambers: atria = entry hall, ventricles = pumps. Oracles: extensions of atria (extra reservoir space for overfilling of heart) Epicardium: outer/visceral pericardium (epithelium, connective tissue + adipose layer) Intercalated discs: specialised cell-to-cell attachment sites (allows communication and simultaneous contraction) Spontaneous rhythmic contraction (no nerve cell input required) Atria: pump blood to ventricles (minimal muscle needed) Ventricles: pump blood to entirety of body (thicker, more muscular walls: right: to lungs, left: to body (thicker)
