BIOC2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Reverse Transcriptase, Antiviral Drug
Lecture 9: PCR
Elimination of the 3’ end as the mode of action for a potent
antiviral drug; AZT acts as a chain terminator
• 3’OH can be used in drug design
• AZT is anti-HIV drug
• AZT is taken up by cells where it is converted into triphosphate. The
reverse transcriptase of HIV prefers AZT triphosphate to the normal
nucleotide dTTP. A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to
generate complementary DNA from an RNA template, a process
termed reverse transcription - associated with retroviruses
• dTTP and AZT structure is the same except OH is replaced with NH3
does not have lone pair arrangement like OH, cannot do a
nucleophilic attack, making it a ‘chain terminator’ – can be added to
DNA change, cannot continue the chain
What does DNA Polymerase need to function?
1. Template
There must be a template strand to be copied.
2. Primer
DNA pol I (and every other known DNA polymerase) cannot initiate
DNA synthesis by itself. It can only extend a pre-existing DNA chain.
3. 3’ OH end
The reaction mechanism requires that the primer must have a free
3'OH end for synthesis to continue
4. dNTPs
Restriction enzymes are required later to process DNA so it can be cloned.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single
copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of
magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA
sequence.
Given a piece of ds DNA, running antiparallel (5’-3’, 5’-3’ backward). We
want to replicate this piece of DNA using PCR. Primers need to be built that
will allow us to bind to DNA and extend.
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Document Summary
The reverse transcriptase of hiv prefers azt triphosphate to the normal nucleotide dttp. Dna change, cannot continue the chain lone pair arrangement. What does dna polymerase need to function: template. There must be a template strand to be copied: primer. Dna pol i (and every other known dna polymerase) cannot initiate. It can only extend a pre-existing dna chain: 3" oh end. The reaction mechanism requires that the primer must have a free. 3"oh end for synthesis to continue: dntps. Restriction enzymes are required later to process dna so it can be cloned. Polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of dna across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular dna sequence. Given a piece of ds dna, running antiparallel (5"-3", 5"-3" backward). We want to replicate this piece of dna using pcr.