PSYC1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: John Bowlby, Dwarfism, Attachment Theory
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Methods in Social and Emotional Development
Effects of Atypical Social and Emotional Experience on Human Development
METHODS IN SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
How do relationships develop?
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What are the consequences of social and emotional deprivation?
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What is the social world like to an infant?
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Want to be close to caregiver
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Seek security from caregiver
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Exhibit distress when caregiver is absent
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Relationship that infants form with primary caregiver
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How does the attachment relationship develop?
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Is it food or comfort?
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Infant rhesus monkeys
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Wire monkey with bottle
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Soft monkey without bottle
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Raised by inanimate mothers
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Baby monkeys spent most of their time clinging to soft mother
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Results:
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Experiment: Harlow's Monkeys
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Attachment:
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Attachment in humans = imprinting in animals; adaptive bond
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Attachment figure = safe base from which children can explore the world
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Disruptions to attachment may have long term impact on emotional and cognitive development
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Attachment theory: John Bowlby
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Newborns recognise their mother's voice --> show visual preferences for faces over objects
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Infants recognise their mother's face within the first few days
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First seen in 6 - 7 months
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Peaks early in second year
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Separation anxiety
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How attachment develops:
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Mother is in room, playing with child
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After a while, mother leaves the room with the baby alone with toys
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Another situation --> mother leaves the room with the baby until a stranger comes in and plays with baby
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Mary Ainsworth's strange situation (3:14)
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Welcomes return, seeks closeness, comforted
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Secure attachment
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Not phased by mum leaving, ignores mother on return
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Insecure-Avoidant attachment
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Very upset on leaving, angry/rejecting on return, desires closeness but is difficult to sooth
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Insecure-Anxious attachment
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Behaviour is contradictory e.g. approach mother but look away
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Disorganised attachment
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Child's response when their mother returns is coded
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Measuring attachment:
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EFFECTS OF ATYPICAL SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
What happens to when early social/emotional experience is not typical?
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Problem: not ethical to experimentally deprive children of typical experience
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Solution: "experiments of nature" --> orphans raised in institutions
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3B - Developmental Psychology
Wednesday, March 14, 2018
9:00 PM
PSYCH 1001 Page 1
Document Summary
Effects of atypical social and emotional experience on human development. Baby monkeys spent most of their time clinging to soft mother. Attachment in humans = imprinting in animals; adaptive bond. Attachment figure = safe base from which children can explore the world. Disruptions to attachment may have long term impact on emotional and cognitive development. Newborns recognise their mother"s voice --> show visual preferences for faces over objects. Infants recognise their mother"s face within the first few days. After a while, mother leaves the room with the baby alone with toys. Another situation --> mother leaves the room with the baby until a stranger comes in and plays with baby. Child"s response when their mother returns is coded. Not phased by mum leaving, ignores mother on return. Very upset on leaving, angry/rejecting on return, desires closeness but is difficult to sooth. Behaviour is contradictory e. g. approach mother but look away. Problem: not ethical to experimentally deprive children of typical experience.