NEUR3101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Magnesium, Stretching, J Sports
Types of muscle cramps
Exercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC)a.
Benign nocturnal crampsb.
Cramps associated with pregnancyc.
"Benign cramps" -
ALS
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Peripheral neuropathy-
Neurological disease
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Thyroid disease-
Adrenal disease-
Live/Kidney disease-
Metabolic disease ○
Statins
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Cytotoxins
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Corticosteroids
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Diuretics-
Antidepressants etc.-
Medication use○
Muscle cramping associated with underlying conditions-
Exercise Associated Muscle Cramping (EAMC)a.
(Schwellnus 1997)
"Painful, spasmodic, and involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle that occur during or
immediately after exercise"
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Discomfort may persist for 48-72 hours-
Prevalence - 30-50% in marathon runners (Manjra et al 1996), 67% in triathletes
((Kantarowski et al 1990)
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Typically occur in multi-joint muscles
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Clinical syndrome - not a diagnosis
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Hypotheses
Dehydration/electrolyte imbalance theory1.
Altered neuromuscular control theory2.
Levels of Evidence
A systematic review of level II studiesi.
A randomised controlled trialii.
A pseudorandomised controlled trialiii.
A comparative study with concurrent controlsiv.
A comparative study without concurrent controlsv.
Case series with either post-test or pre-test/post-test outcomes vi.
Muscle cramp in the young and old
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causes and
treatments
Friday, 6 April 2018 2:44 PM
Lecture Page 1
Document Summary
Muscle cramp in the young and old - causes and treatments. Muscle cramping associated with underlying conditions a. b. c. "painful, spasmodic, and involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle that occur during or immediately after exercise" Prevalence - 30-50% in marathon runners (manjra et al 1996), 67% in triathletes ((kantarowski et al 1990) Clinical syndrome - not a diagnosis (schwellnus 1997) Case series with either post-test or pre-test/post-test outcomes. Observational studies (level iv & v) indicating eamc more likely in hot humid conditions. Studies haven"t controlled for exercise intensity or fatigue. Significant hypohydration (3-5%) with moderate electrolyte loss does not increase cramp risk (braulick et al bjsm 2013) Na, k, serum mg & ca are similar in crampers and non-crampers pre and post- competition (schwellnus et al bjsm 2004, sulzer et al 2005) Marathon runners still developed eamc when temperatures were 10-12 c (maughan et al 1986)
