BVB313 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Frameshift Mutation, Germline Mutation, Noncoding Dna
Document Summary
In populations we can see phenotypic variation - majority of this is due to our genetic material (dna) Chromosomal: a change in the structure of chromosomes, and a change in the number of chromosomes. Homologous to known genes that have undergone mutational inactivation: no mutational constraints, fastest known mutation rate, even faster that 4-fold degenerate sites suggesting some constraint. Mutations do not arise in response to an organisms needs. Genetic drift: a random fluctuation in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. B u t - big changes happen over many generations, not just one. In a population of n individuals, there are 2n alleles: the frequency of a new mutation allele is 1/(2n) The smaller the relationship the larger the effect of the mutation. But, the smaller the population size, the faster the rate of alleles being lost from the population.
