ANAT20006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Levator Ani, Urogenital Triangle, Pelvic Floor
12 Jun 2018
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LECTURE 33
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
•(1) Pelvic viscera includes: ovaries,
fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and vagina.
We basically will follow the egg through
the ovaries through the whole system.
PELVIC DIAPHRAGM
•(2) Separates the pelvis and perineum.
Perineum is just an area between thighs
below pelvic diaphragm; not the
peritoneum.
•There are two triangles: urogenital triangle
anteriorly and anal triangle posteriorly.
•(3) Levator ani muscle makes
up pelvic diaphragm, containing
an opening for pelvic viscera.
Within the urogenital triangle
there is a urogenital
hiatus (basically an
opening). The anal
triangle also has an
anal aperture, where
the anal canal/rectum
goes through.
•(4) Levator ani muscle has 3
parts:
•1. Puborectalis: forms a
sling around the rectum.
Important for fecal
continence. This muscle
contraction puts a kink into the anal
canal to stop things from going through.
•2. Pubococcygeus: pubis to coccyx
•3. Iliococcygeus:
Lecture 33 - Friday 13 October 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
PERINEAL
MEMBRANE
•(5) Perineal
membrane covers the
urogenital triangle in
the anterior part. It is
superficial to pelvic
diaphragm and has an
opening for the
urethra
(male and
female)
and
vagina
(female).
Lecture 33 - Friday 13 October 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
DEEP PERINEAL POUCH
•(6) Space above the perineal membrane.
•The external urethral sphincter is skeletal muscle
around urethra and vagina. So we have conscious
control over this muscle.
CHILD BIRTH
•(7) Perineum, levator ani and perineal membrane
can!be injured!during!child birth
•Pubococcygeus and puborectalis often torn
•Muscles!in deep
perineal!pouch!can!also be
involved
•In females these muscle !support
urethra,!uterus, vagina, and!rectum
•Urinary stress incontinence and
prolapse of!uterus may result, and
even!fecal incontinence
INTERNAL FEMALE
GENITAL ORGANS
•(8)
OVARIES
•(9) Adjacent to lateral wall of pelvis. They are
posterior to the broad ligament. In peritoneal cavity.
•The ovaries attach to the uterus via the ligament of
ovary.
•Majority of the blood supply comes from the
ovarian artery/vein from the aorta.
•There is also a uterine artery.
Lecture 33 - Friday 13 October 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Document Summary
Overview: (1) pelvic viscera includes: ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and vagina. We basically will follow the egg through the ovaries through the whole system. Pelvic diaphragm: (2) separates the pelvis and perineum. Perineum is just an area between thighs below pelvic diaphragm; not the peritoneum: there are two triangles: urogenital triangle anteriorly and anal triangle posteriorly, (3) levator ani muscle makes up pelvic diaphragm, containing an opening for pelvic viscera. Within the urogenital triangle there is a urogenital hiatus (basically an opening). The anal triangle also has an anal aperture, where the anal canal/rectum goes through: (4) levator ani muscle has 3 parts, 1. This muscle contraction puts a kink into the anal canal to stop things from going through: 2. Membrane: (5) perineal membrane covers the urogenital triangle in the anterior part. It is superficial to pelvic diaphragm and has an opening for the urethra (male and female) and vagina (female).
