ANAT20006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Quadratus Lumborum Muscle, Renal Capsule, Renal Medulla
12 Jun 2018
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LECTURE 32
URINARY SYSTEM & KIDNEYS
OVERVIEW
•(1) Kidney produces urine, which then passes down to
ureters on each side and stored in the bladder. It is then
excreted via the urethra.
•The adrenal glands have nothing to do with the urinary
system; they are involved in the endocrine system.
KIDNEYS (IN SITU, ANTERIOR VIEW)
•(2) Posteriorly situated against posterior abdominal wall
muscles. Retroperitoneal. Bean shaped, pinkish brown.
10cm long, 5cm wide, 2.5cm thick.
•Extends from T12-L3.
•The right kidney is slightly lower. It moves a little bit
according to the contraction-relaxation cycle of the
diaphragm, it isn’t 100% connected to the T12-L3.
•Has 2 surfaces. Posterior surface is against the posterior
abdominal wall muscle.
•(3) The posterior surface of the kidney is against the rectangular shaped
muscle called quadratus lumborum.
•(4) You can cut through the back to reach the kidney. It can be reached
laterally via the ribs too.
Lecture 35 - Wednesday 11 October 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
PERINEPHRIC FAT & RENAL
FASCIA
•(5) Can see lumbar vertebra and
psoas major muscle. Renal
fascia lines the kidney.
Perinephric fat surrounds the
kidney. Then there is a
capsule around the kidney
too.
•The kidney is a solid viscus
with a hilum. The hilum faces
forward slightly; not directly
medial.
•The hilum is a communicating point allowing
things to enter or exit.
•The perinephric fat not only surrounds the
kidney externally, it goes into the hilum.
KIDNEY STRUCTURE
•(6) The renal capsule lines the
kidney.
•If you cut through the kidney you don’t
really see the renal sinuses as they are
usually filled by perinephric fat.
•In a coronal cross section, we can see
the internal structure. First obvious
thing is the pyramidal shapes called the
renal pyramids, which is where
the urine is excreted. These are
the renal medulla. They are
separated
•The outside is the cortex, a continuous structure
separating the medulla.
•Kidney produces urine and it is excreted from the apex
of the renal pyramid
RENAL COLLECTING SYSTEM
•(7) Can see an inverted triangle structure (pyramid). The
urine is then collected via a tubule structure called the
minor calyx, which combine to form the major calyx.
Multiple major calyces combine to form the renal pelvis,
a funnel shaped, dilated upper portion of the ureter.
Most superior part of
ureter. This all together is
the renal collecting
system. The urine then
passes down to the ureter.
STRUCTURES AT THE RENAL HILUM
•(8) The kidney is a solid viscus with an
anteromedial hilum. There are arteries, vessels, veins,
a duct, nerves and lymphatics. There are 3 main
structures at the hilum:
•1. Renal vein: drains kidney directly back to IVC.
Lecture 35 - Wednesday 11 October 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Document Summary
Overview: (1) kidney produces urine, which then passes down to ureters on each side and stored in the bladder. It is then excreted via the urethra: the adrenal glands have nothing to do with the urinary system; they are involved in the endocrine system. Kidneys (in situ, anterior view: (2) posteriorly situated against posterior abdominal wall muscles. 10cm long, 5cm wide, 2. 5cm thick: extends from t12-l3, the right kidney is slightly lower. It moves a little bit according to the contraction-relaxation cycle of the diaphragm, it isn"t 100% connected to the t12-l3: has 2 surfaces. Posterior surface is against the posterior abdominal wall muscle: (3) the posterior surface of the kidney is against the rectangular shaped muscle called quadratus lumborum, (4) you can cut through the back to reach the kidney. It can be reached laterally via the ribs too. Fascia: (5) can see lumbar vertebra and psoas major muscle.
