ANAT20006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Deep Fascia, Fascial Compartment, Fascia
12 Jun 2018
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LECTURE 10
MUSCULAR SYSTEM & MUSCLES
MUSCLES
FUNCTION
•(1) Used for movement, stability, sphincters controlling
openings,
TYPES OF MSUCLE
•(2) There are 3 types depending on striated/not striated,
voluntary/involuntary, somatic/visceral:
•Skeletal striated, Cardiac striated, and Smooth.
•Skeletal muscles have long fibres with cross striations. It is
under the control of the SNS. They have the long purple
satellite cells.
•Cardiac muscle is found in heart myocardium, aorta etc. It
has short, striated fibres that meet up together and then
split. It is designed for quick, rhythmic contractions.
However unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is under the
control of the ANS.
•Both cardiac and skeletal muscle can hypertrophy.
•Smooth muscle is found in viscera and blood vessels, and it
made of spindle shaped cells. Each spindle shaped cell has its
own nucleus. Smooth muscle is visceral, involuntary and not
striated. It helps with slow, rhythmic contractions. It is also
found underlying hair follicles (Eg. Goosebumps).
MUSCLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•(3) Connective tissue fibres are tendons collagen fibres
providing the muscle with strength, with an attachment
point for anchorage onto bone. In skeletal muscle there are
muscle fibres. Around these fibres there is a loose layer of
connective tissue. The endomysium is the connective tissue
wrapping around individual muscle fibres. A bunch of
muscle fibres coming together is a fascicle. These are
enclosed in more connective tissue, the perimysium. Bunches
of fascicles come together to form the muscle and this
muscle has a connective tissue later caused epimysium.
Epimysium forms a layer called the deep fascia. Called deep
because it is below superficial fascia, which is directly below
the skin.
DEEP FASCIA
•(4) Deep fascia has different names depending on
location in the body. Deep fascia encircling entire
muscles and separating them from each other is known
as intermuscular septa. This deep fascia is called a fascial
compartment; a compartment enclosing muscles with a similar
function. As deep fascia approaches the wrist or
ankles, it gets thicker, and becomes known as
retinacula.
•The achilles tendon is not enclosed in the retinacula,
so it has more independent movement.
Lecture 10 - Monday 14 August 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
MORE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•(5) muscle attached to bone. Some situations where muscle is attached to dermis of skin but it is
mostly attached to bone. A tendon is the narrow bit of connective tissue attaching muscle to bone.
A muscle usually has an origin; the proximal end of the
muscle, and the insertion; the distal end of the body.
Insertion for actions, origin used for stability.
•Sometimes muscles meet up in a broad connective
tissue sheet, an aponeurosis. Typically found in regions
requiring lots of stability (Eg. Lumbar region,
abdomen, skull). Sometimes muscles meet up in the
midline of the body, creating a suture or a midline
seam; a raphe. The top right diagram bottom right
picture is in the mouth. Also within a muscle itself we
Lecture 10 - Monday 14 August 2017
ANAT20006 - HUMAN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
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Document Summary
Function: (1) used for movement, stability, sphincters controlling openings, Types of msucle: (2) there are 3 types depending on striated/not striated, voluntary/involuntary, somatic/visceral, skeletal striated, cardiac striated, and smooth, skeletal muscles have long fibres with cross striations. It is under the control of the sns. They have the long purple satellite cells: cardiac muscle is found in heart myocardium, aorta etc. It has short, striated fibres that meet up together and then split. However unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is under the control of the ans: both cardiac and skeletal muscle can hypertrophy, smooth muscle is found in viscera and blood vessels, and it made of spindle shaped cells. Each spindle shaped cell has its own nucleus. Smooth muscle is visceral, involuntary and not striated. It is also found underlying hair follicles (eg. Muscle connective tissue: (3) connective tissue fibres are tendons collagen fibres providing the muscle with strength, with an attachment point for anchorage onto bone.
