SLE132 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Tonicity, Melatonin, Homeostasis
11 May 2018
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MULTIPLEȱCHOICE.ȱȱChooseȱtheȱoneȱalternativeȱthatȱbestȱcompletesȱtheȱstatementȱorȱanswersȱtheȱquestion.
1) Homeostasisȱ________.
A) isȱtheȱmaintenanceȱofȱanȱunchangingȱinternalȱstate
B) isȱtheȱmaintenanceȱofȱaȱrelativelyȱstableȱinternalȱenvironment
C) isȱaȱpathologicalȱcondition
D) isȱtheȱwayȱtheȱinternalȱenvironmentȱinfluencesȱtheȱexternalȱenvironment
1)
2) Mostȱhomeostaticȱmechanismsȱdependȱonȱ________.
A) predictableȱinternalȱconditions B) positiveȱandȱnegativeȱfeedback
C) negativeȱfeedback D) predictableȱenvironmentalȱconditions
2)
3) Whenȱbodyȱtemperatureȱisȱtooȱlow,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccurs?
A) Musclesȱrelax.
B) Sweatȱglandsȱareȱactivated.
C) Bloodȱvesselsȱatȱtheȱbodyȱsurfaceȱdilateȱandȱfillȱwithȱblood.
D) Bloodȱvesselsȱinȱtheȱskinȱconstrict.
3)
4) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱapplyȱtoȱfreshwaterȱfish?
A) Theyȱproduceȱdiluteȱurine.
B) Theyȱloseȱwaterȱbyȱosmosis.
C) Theyȱpumpȱoutȱionsȱviaȱtheȱgills.
D) Theȱconcentrationȱofȱsolutesȱinȱtheirȱinternalȱfluidsȱisȱlowerȱthanȱinȱtheȱsurroundingȱwater.
4)
5) Aȱnecropsyȱ(postmortemȱanalysis)ȱofȱaȱmarineȱseaȱstarȱthatȱdiedȱafterȱitȱwasȱmistakenlyȱplacedȱin
freshȱwaterȱwouldȱlikelyȱshowȱthatȱitȱdiedȱbecauseȱ________.
A) itȱwasȱstressedȱandȱneededȱmoreȱtimeȱtoȱacclimateȱtoȱtheȱnewȱconditions
B) itsȱcontractileȱvacuolesȱruptured
C) itsȱcellsȱdehydratedȱandȱlostȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱmetabolise
D) itȱwasȱsoȱhypertonicȱtoȱtheȱfreshȱwaterȱthatȱitȱcouldȱnotȱosmoregulate
5)
6) Theȱbodyȱfluidsȱofȱanȱosmoconformerȱwouldȱbeȱ________ȱwithȱitsȱ________ȱenvironment
A) hyperosmotic;ȱsaltwater B) hypoosmotic;ȱsaltwater
C) isoosmotic;ȱsaltwater D) isoosmotic;ȱfreshwater
6)
7) Comparedȱtoȱtheȱseawaterȱaroundȱthem,ȱmostȱmarineȱinvertebratesȱareȱ________.
A) hyperosmotic B) hyperosmoticȱandȱisoosmotic
C) isoosmotic D) hypoosmotic
7)
8) Birdsȱsecreteȱuricȱacidȱasȱtheirȱnitrogenousȱwasteȱbecauseȱuricȱacidȱ________.
A) canȱbeȱreusedȱbyȱbirdsȱasȱaȱproteinȱsource
B) isȱmetabolicallyȱlessȱexpensiveȱtoȱsynthesiseȱthanȱotherȱexcretoryȱproducts
C) requiresȱlittleȱwaterȱforȱnitrogenousȱwasteȱdisposal,ȱthusȱreducingȱbodyȱmass
D) isȱreadilyȱsolubleȱinȱwater
8)
9) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱphysiologicalȱresponseȱthatȱtakesȱplaceȱinȱmanyȱanimalsȱwhenȱtheyȱget
tooȱhot?
A) constrictionȱofȱbloodȱvesselsȱinȱtheȱskin B) increasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱskin
C) slowingȱofȱtheȱheartȱrate D) contractionȱofȱmuscles
9)
