BOTA2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Basal Angiosperms, Flowering Plant, Gymnosperm
Document Summary
Plant diversity & adaptation week 4: basal angiosperms and monocots, pollination & fruit. Living lines of gymnosperms closer to extinct groups than to each other magnoliidae - evolutionary line with bennetitales only angiosperms belong to subclass magnoliidae. Naked condition of gymnosperms contrasts to seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), enclosed within an ovary. Dominant plant type with 250 000 species. Successful because of mutualistic co-evolution of animals as pollinators and seed dispersers. Flower is a determinate shoot bearing sporophylls. Flowers consist of whorls (up to four) Flo(cid:449)er stru(cid:272)ture (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e (cid:449)ritte(cid:374) as a (cid:858)for(cid:373)ula(cid:859) Staminate & carpellate flowers on different individual plants. Separate staminate & carpellate flowers on same plant. Stamens and carpels mature at different times. Insects basic to angiosperms (first maybe beetles) Closing of carpel helped protect ovules from insects. Bees most specialised of flower visiting insects. Wind and water pollination derived (feathery stigmas, non-sticky pollen, filamentous grains) Bird-pollinated: red or yellow, much nectar, little odor.
