BOTA2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Speciation, Monophyly, Phylogenetic Diversity
Document Summary
Evolution and common ancestry (cid:858)the (cid:272)hara(cid:272)ters showi(cid:374)g true affi(cid:374)ity (cid:271)etwee(cid:374) a(cid:374)y two or (cid:373)ore spe(cid:272)ies, are those i(cid:374)herited fro(cid:373) a (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)o(cid:374) pare(cid:374)t . Must occur if we are to have different species. We look at their genes to understand groups and all. The use of dna and rna to infer relationships among organisms. May support common ancestry within groups recognised on morphological grounds (e. g. grasses, peas) Allows scientist to choose among competing hypotheses of relationships. Grouped into higher taxa (genera) and higher taxa (families) until the whole range of variation is accounted for in a hierarchical system. Basic unit of evolutionary change is the population not the species. Earliest evidence of life fossils of microorganisms 3. 5 billionyo. Synthesis of small organic molecules (e. g. amino acids) I(cid:374)(cid:272)ludes si(cid:374)gle (cid:272)elled, (cid:272)olo(cid:374)ial a(cid:374)d si(cid:373)ple (cid:373)ulti (cid:272)elled orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)s with (cid:374)u(cid:272)lei, (cid:374)ot i(cid:374) a(cid:374)i(cid:373)al, Organisms which have cells with a distinct nucleus (i. e. eukaryotic), are multicellular, and lack photosynthetic pigments.
