PSY111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Interstimulus Interval
FACTORS AFFECTING CONDITIONING
- Inter-stimulus interval
- Time between presentations
- Order of presentation
- Individual learning history
- Prior history with stimuli
- Biological preparedness
- Blocking and Latent Inhibition
OPERANT CONDITIONING
- The learning of a new association between behaviour and its consequences.
- It is learning through reinforcement and punishment.
- Behaviour (responses) is voluntary and emitted not elicited.
- Behaviour is modified according to its consequences.
THORNDIKE
- Studied cats placed in puzzle boxes
- Law of Effect:
- Behaviour is controlled by its consequences.
- Behaviours that result in pleasant consequences will be more likely in the future.
- Behaviours that result in unpleasant consequences will be less likely in the
future.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
- Skinner
- Used a box which had a lever
- Press the lever receive a reward
- Referred to as “Skinner’s box”
CONSEQUENCES OF BEHAVIOUR
Reinforcement
- An environmental stimulus that occurs after behaviour and increases likelihood that the
behaviour will occur in the future.
Punishment
- An environmental stimulus that occurs after behaviour and decreases likelihood that the
behaviour will occur in the future.
NB: stimuli must be contingent
Positive Reinforcement
- The presentation of a pleasant stimulus after a behaviour makes the behaviour more
likely to occur in the future. E.g., “Well done”
Negative Reinforcement
Document Summary
The learning of a new association between behaviour and its consequences. Behaviour (responses) is voluntary and emitted not elicited. Behaviour is modified according to its consequences. Behaviours that result in pleasant consequences will be more likely in the future. Behaviours that result in unpleasant consequences will be less likely in the. Used a box which had a lever. An environmental stimulus that occurs after behaviour and increases likelihood that the. An environmental stimulus that occurs after behaviour and decreases likelihood that the. The presentation of a pleasant stimulus after a behaviour makes the behaviour more likely to occur in the future. The removal of an aversive stimulus after a behaviour makes the behaviour more likely to occur in the future. The presentation of an aversive stimulus after a behaviour reduces the likelihood of the behaviour occurring in the future. The removal of pleasant stimulus after a behaviour reduces the likelihood of the behaviour occurring in the future.
