PSYC1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Effect Size, Junk Food, Convenience Sampling
Controversies in Development
Maternal employment and child care
Maternal employment
oMassive jump in women's involvement in the workforce due to many societal
changes- not such restricted societal roles, need more economic growth and
people to work in the workforce
oSuggest lacking a primary caregiver poor attachment problems
oTwo potential negative outcomes
Increase in maternal employment would decrease quality of maternal
caregiving
Maternal employment would produce generations of “latchkey” (no
supervision) children, leading to increases in delinquency
These are mostly unfounded
oQuality of mother-child interactions does not diminish in working mothers as
they spend more time engaging infants in social interaction- quality over
quantity
oBenefits for girls
Children with employed mothers are likely to reject traditional gender
roles- see their mother working, less expectations
More likely to be exposed to egalitarian (equal between mother and
father) parenting greater effectiveness
Tend to have higher career aspirations
oType of employment appears to matter
3-5-year-old children who had mothers who worked night shifts
showed increased
Aggressive behaviour
Anxiety and depression
Adolescents with mothers who work night shifts have lower quality
home environment
Effect does not hold for mothers who finished at midnight
Suggests maternal presence is important at significant times in a
child’s life
oA healthy balance might be important
Mothers working part-time
Have fewer depressive symptoms than non-working mothers
Show more sensitive parenting during preschool years and their
children show less externalising problems than mothers who
work full-time
These need to be interpreted with caution- they are statistical
tendencies and interact with many other variables
Effect of child care
oDoes amount of time in child care influence development?
In counties with uniformly good child care (e.g. Norway) no
relationship between time in child care and problem behaviour
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Document Summary
Increase in maternal employment would decrease quality of maternal caregiving. Maternal employment would produce generations of latchkey (no supervision) children, leading to increases in delinquency. These are mostly unfounded: quality of mother-child interactions does not diminish in working mothers as they spend more time engaging infants in social interaction- quality over quantity, benefits for girls. Children with employed mothers are likely to reject traditional gender roles- see their mother working, less expectations. More likely to be exposed to egalitarian (equal between mother and father) parenting greater effectiveness. Tend to have higher career aspirations: type of employment appears to matter. 3-5-year-old children who had mothers who worked night shifts showed increased. Adolescents with mothers who work night shifts have lower quality home environment. Effect does not hold for mothers who finished at midnight. Suggests maternal presence is important at significant times in a child"s life: a healthy balance might be important. Have fewer depressive symptoms than non-working mothers.
