BIOL1008 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Basal Metabolic Rate, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Respiratory Quotient
BIOL1008: Topic 2 – Diet and Nutrition
Lecture 4 – Energetics and Metabolism
• Crohn's disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Treatment
o virtually unknown in Africa
o infection in humans with pig whip worms lead to rapid relief of symptoms
o worms survive but don’t reproduce
o hygiene hypothesis
• carbs
o digested in mouth and SI
o absorbed where
Energetics and Metabolism
• food contains chemical energy bin the bonds that constitute carbs, fat, protein and alcohol
• following digestion the glucose, fatty acids etc. can be used in fuels for cells
• cells must convert this into ATP in order to use the energy (done in the mitochondria)
• need oxygen for cell respiration
• calorie = 4.2 J
• Joule(J) = 0.24 cal
• kilocalorie (Cal) = 1000 cal (this is dietary calories)
• fat = 38 kJ
• carbs = 19kJ
• protein = 19kJ
• Alcohol = in-between
• metabolic rate or heat production can be determined by
o how much oxygen is consumed
o how must co2 I exhaled
• different fuels need different amounts of oxygen
o ratio of co2 produced by o2 consumed
• respiratory quotient (RQ)
• respiratory exchange ratio (RER)
o Carbs = 6 mol oxygen produced 6 mol co2 and 6 mol water and energy (2800kJ)
• RQ = 6/6 = 1
o fat = 80 mol oxygen and produces 57 co2, 52 water and energy (5600kJ)
• RQ = 57/80 = 0.7125
• glycogen = liver (1700) and muscle
• triglyceride = liver and muscle
• metabolism (fast and slow)
o overweight people usually have a faster metabolism
o Resting (RMR) or basal metabolic rate (BMR)
o thermogenic effect of food
o exercise of physical activity
o non-exercise activity
• posture
• fidgeting
o sum of total energy needed to keep going (idling engine)
o conditions
• at rest (when you wake up)
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