BIOL1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Dna Replication, Genetic Code, Tata Box

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

DNA Structure and Function LabReport

1. DNA Structure
2. Which two scientists are credited with discovering DNA?

2. Name the nitrogen bases that are purines.

3. Which nitrogen base pairs with thymine?

4. List the three components of a nucleotide.

2. DNA Replication
3. What is the purpose of DNA replication?

2. How many times does replication occur in the life of acell?

3. In the Lab, Exercise 2, the original strand on the left had thebases shown below. Input the new bases that correctly pair with theoriginal strand.

3. RNA Structure

1. Describe the structure and function of RNA.

2. Refer to Exercise 3 and record the bases of the RNA strandproduced from the replicated DNA strand.

3. Record the differences between DNA and RNA in the tablebelow.

4. RNA Synthesis

1. The process of assembling RNA is called _________.

2. How is replication different from transcription?

3. Refer to Exercise 4. Write the letters for the base sequence ofmRNA in the spaces below DNA. Note that the order is reversed;start with the 3’ end of the DNA strand and the 5’ end of the mRNAstrand. Transcription is DNA to mRNA. Note RNA contains Uracilinstead of Thymine; There is no thymine in RNA.

5. Protein Synthesis

1. What type of RNA provides amino acids to build polypeptidechains?

2. If a mRNA strand has the bases 5’ CUC 3’, what amino acid willbe translated? Refer to the printable chart in Exercise 5.

3. Where in the cell does translation occur?

6. Genes

1. What could be the problem if there is a change in the basesequence of a gene as it is passed down to the offspring?

2. Give an example of a disorder that results from changes in theamino acid sequence.

3. What causes sickle cell anemia?

7. Gene Cloning

1. What is the function of a plasmid?

2. Print the document from Lab, Exercise 6. Complete the activityalong with the video demonstration. Sign, date, and take an imageof your final product and include with this lab report.

1.When a protein binds to DNA at a site defined by a particular nucleotide sequence, with which parts of the DNA does the protein primarily interact?

A. the phosphate and deoxyribose groups in the DNA backbone

B. the phosphate and deoxyribose groups in the DNA backbone, and hydrophobic interactions with the nucleotide bases

C. nucleotide bases within the major grooves of the DNA

D. nucleotide bases within the major and minor grooves of the DNA

E. none of the above

2. Which of the following proteins binds to DNA with sequence specificity?

A. POI Ill holoenzyme

B. DnaA

C. DnaB

D. Dam methylase

E. Both B and D

3. Which of the following is NOT a functional parallel among all known cellular systems of DNA replication?

A. Replication is initiated at specific sites

B. Replication is continuous on the leading strand and discontinuous on the lagging strand

C. DNA replication is semiconservative

D. Replication forks move away from the origin in one direction

E. Nucleases, polymerases and ligases replace RNA primers with DNA and seal the remaining nick

4. A DNA polymerase cannot synthesize a DNA strand de novo (from the beginning) from a mixture of dNTPs. Which of the following explains the role of the primer in the reaction promoted by this enzyme?

A. The primer is an initiation protein with attached nucleotides that binds to the template and to which new nucleotides are added to the 3 ' end.

B. The primer is an initiation protein with attached nucleotides that binds to the template and to which new nucleotides are added to the 5' end.

C. The primer is a preexisting strand of RNA or DNA to which new nucleotides are added to the 3' end.

D. The primer is a preexisting strand of RNA or DNA to which new nucleotides are added to the 5' end.

E. The primer is a preexisting strand of DNA synthesized by DNA pol I, prior to replicative DNA synthesis by DNA pol Ill.

5. Universal features of DNA polymerases include:

A. 5'-3' exonuclease function.

B. Formation of an 'closed' conformation of the polymerase when the template-nucleotide base pair is correct.

C. Use of a single magnesium ion to orient reacting molecules and assist in dissipation of the negative charge that develops during nucleotidyl transfer.

D. Alignment of conserved residues in the active site for attack of the DNA primer by the 3 'OH on the incoming nucleotide.

E. Continuous unbinding and rebinding of the polymerase to the DNA template as each nucleotide is added.