TECH108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Thermal Conductivity, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Natural Fiber
WEEK 5:
Textile Fibre Classification and Properties
• Natural Cellulosic Fibres
• Natural Protein Fibres
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Fibre Properites:
Aesthetics
Attraciveness or appearance of a textile product. Look pleasing and appropriate for end use?
tetxure, lustre, colour, pattern, surface decoration Cover (ability of a fibre to conceal or
protect)Opacity – Translucence – allows light top pass through it
drape, stiffness, surface. Lustre, drape, hand
Durability
manner in which textile withstands use, length of time considered suitable for use. Can be
tested in a laboratory. Wear,strength, tear and abrasion resistance, snag proof, pill resistant.
(tensile strength, abrasion resistance, flexibility)
Comfort
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how textiles affect heat, air, moisture transfer; safety; the way the body interacts with textile.
(moisture absorbency, heat conductivity, elongation)
Appearance:
will it maintain its original appearance? resist wrinkling, shrinkage, abrasion, soiling,
stretching, pilling, sagging (resiliency, elastic recovery, dimensional stability)
Care:
treatment required to maintain original appearance. care instructions reasonable. (shape
retention, tolerance to heat, colourfastness, environmental stability)
Yarn: Staple, Filament
Fibre: Staple, Filament.
Fabric made from yarns, yarns contain fibres, fibres are spun into yarn.
Fibre – yarn – fabric
elongation - Ability of textile to elongate (extend) under tension without breaking
thermal - conductor or insulator. Ability of textile to conduct (transmit) heat away
dimensional stability – Ailit of tetile to retain it’s size and shape through use and are
elasticity - ability of textile to return to its original size after elongation
Fibre properties are related to physical and molecular structure.
Physical, length, fineness and surface characteristics.
Length: Staple or filament
Fineness: Denier/ fibre diameter
wicking
• transfermoisturealongsurface
• hydrophobic and hydrophillic
• waterhatingandwaterloving • hygroscopic–akahydrophillic
• oleophilic
• oil loving
• thermoplastic
• sensitivitytoheat
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Document Summary
Textile fibre classification and properties: natural cellulosic fibres, natural protein fibres. Look pleasing and appropriate for end use? tetxure, lustre, colour, pattern, surface decoration cover (ability of a fibre to conceal or protect)opacity translucence allows light top pass through it drape, stiffness, surface. Durability manner in which textile withstands use, length of time considered suitable for use. Wear,strength, tear and abrasion resistance, snag proof, pill resistant. (tensile strength, abrasion resistance, flexibility) Comfort how textiles affect heat, air, moisture transfer; safety; the way the body interacts with textile. (moisture absorbency, heat conductivity, elongation) Appearance: will it maintain its original appearance? resist wrinkling, shrinkage, abrasion, soiling, stretching, pilling, sagging (resiliency, elastic recovery, dimensional stability) Care: treatment required to maintain original appearance. care instructions reasonable. (shape retention, tolerance to heat, colourfastness, environmental stability) Fabric made from yarns, yarns contain fibres, fibres are spun into yarn.
