HIST209 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Democratic Socialism, Reformism, Friedrich Engels
HIST209 Lecture Notes Monday April 16, 2018
Workers of the orld, uite!: “oialis, Couis, ad the Idustrial ‘eolutios
Introduction
- 2nd half 19th century – ig o iss
o Politicised elements of society that had not previously been politically active
o Wellspring for modern political parties – some that exist today
- Liberalism – associated with the middle class, appealed to mercantile interests
- Nationalism – appealed to all classes
- Socialism – supported the proletariat or working class
o The idea that the local working classes could protest against working
conditions and have a voice
o Carl Marx gave them a voice
Industrial Revolution in Britain
- Why Britain ahead of elsewhere?
o National resources – coal and iron
▪ Lead to an advantage over other parts of the world
o Large pool of labour from Enclosure movement
▪ Required to drive this advancement
o Investment of capital by wealthy landowners and merchants
▪ Moved to city areas because this is where the work is
- ‘apid hages i Britais eooi conditions
Technological advancement
- Beginnings of mechanisation
- Forms of business factory production was being mechanised
o Productivity increased
o Afforded opportunities for men and women in the workplace
- Supporting the development of new forms of technology
- 73s: Joh Ka ieted a flig shuttle for the eaig loo
- 1760s: James Watt developed the steam-driven engine
- Advent of steam engine changed pattern of work, increased productivity
o Trains could carry more people
o Allowed for timetable development and easy transportation
o Tourism emergence
- New era in transportation – railways, ships
o Primarily put to use transporting goods: coal from mines
Advantages of industrialisation
- Although emerged in the 18th century, it was not until he 19th century they they
made their profound effect.
- Steam engine used stronger metal and improved transportation efficiency
- First passenger railway line for steam locomotives built in NW England in 1830
- Made travel easier and quicker, increased movement of trade
Consequences of industrialisation
- Impact of unprecedented population growth – urban vs rural economies
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Document Summary
Hist209 (cid:858)workers of the (cid:449)orld, u(cid:374)ite! (cid:859): o(cid:272)ialis(cid:373), co(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)is(cid:373), a(cid:374)d the i(cid:374)dustrial e(cid:448)olutio(cid:374)s. 2nd half 19th century (cid:271)ig o(cid:374) (cid:858)is(cid:373)s(cid:859: politicised elements of society that had not previously been politically active, wellspring for modern political parties some that exist today. Liberalism associated with the middle class, appealed to mercantile interests. Socialism supported the proletariat or working class: the idea that the local working classes could protest against working conditions and have a voice, carl marx gave them a voice. Why britain ahead of elsewhere: national resources coal and iron, lead to an advantage over other parts of the world, large pool of labour from enclosure movement, required to drive this advancement. Investment of capital by wealthy landowners and merchants: moved to city areas because this is where the work is. Forms of business factory production was being mechanised: productivity increased, afforded opportunities for men and women in the workplace. Supporting the development of new forms of technology.
