COP 3502- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 32 pages long!)

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Memory , which is a circuit that can store 0s and 1s in a series of digits), and build connections of circuits to perform calculations. Positive voltages are 1, and a zero voltage is 0. these numbers are known as . Instructions are stored as a thousands. the first instruction of a code is typically at memory location 0. A processor executes instructions purely in binary code, or as of which form an . Disks and hard drives store files and other data. disks maintain their content when they are powered off, making them non-volatile. they do this by orienting magnetic particles in a 0 or 1 position. A processor"s instructions execute at a rate governed by its clock, which ticks at a specific frequency. some have rates of 1mhz (1 million ticks/second), or 1ghz (1 billion ticks/second). Engineers created small switches- integrated onto a single chip- an .

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