Problem 1

Background and context

Sugars are macromolecules and are otherwise called saccharides. They are major energy-yielding compounds in foods. Sugars are glucose monomers. When many glucose molecules are combined, they form polysaccharides. The type of sugar depends upon the number of glucose monomers. When two glucose is present in the sugar called a disaccharide, when more than two glucose molecules are present are called polysaccharides. These are biological macromolecules and are also known as carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates are major constituents of food. It is one of the four macromolecules. The other three are protein, lipids, and nucleic acids. The saccharide backbone is formed by carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They exist in different forms or isomers. The empirical formula is Cn H2n On. The simplest form of sugar is glucose which consists of one sugar. It is called monosaccharide which implies one sugar molecule.