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13 Dec 2019

Answer the following questions (25 points)

a). list four features of a plant cell that are absent from most animal cells

b). list all the meristematic tissues in plants

c). functional significance of dermal, ground, and vascular tissue system

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Related questions

Note that the structure of a seed plant has the following organizational levels. cells--> tissues --> tissue systems--> organs--> organ systems

-list three major vegetative (non-reproductive) organs of plants and list two major functions of each)

-each organ contains 3 tissue systems (not including meristematic tissue system). list these tissue systems and a function for each

Bark, which is thicken, toughen periderm, arises from this lateral meristem?

Vascular cambium

Cork cambium

QUESTION 2

Seeds with edible fruit are most likely dispersed by

wind

animals

water

bursting

QUESTION 3

Seeds with wings are most likely dispersed by

wind

animals

water

bursting

QUESTION 4

The arrangement of flowers on the stem with the newest flowers near the end of the shoot is

Determinate inflorescence

Indeterminate inflorescence

QUESTION 5

The arrangement of flowers on the stem with the oldest flowers near the end of the shoot is

Determinate inflorescence

Indeterminate inflorescence

QUESTION 6

The cortex in stems is made of this tissue

Dermal

Ground

Vascular

QUESTION 7

The epidermis, cuticle, guard cells, root hairs and trichomes arise from this type of meristem?

Protoderm

Ground meristem

Procambium

QUESTION 8

The epidermis, cuticle, guard cells, root hairs and trichomes arise from this type of tissue?

Dermal

Ground

Vascular

QUESTION 9

The parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma arise from this type of meristem?

Protoderm

Ground meristem

Procambium

QUESTION 10

The parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma arise from this type of tissue?

Dermal

Ground

Vascular

QUESTION 11

The xylem and phloem in leaves are contained in which structure?

blade

petiole

stipules

vein

QUESTION 12

This meristem is located in the root and shoot tips.

Apical meristem

Lateral meristem

QUESTION 13

This meristem is located in the stems of plants that live longer than one year.

Apical meristem

Lateral meristem

QUESTION 14

Xylem and phloem elements arise from this type of meristem?

Protoderm

Ground meristem

Procambium

QUESTION 15

Xylem and phloem elements arise from this type of tissue?

Dermal

Ground

Vascular

1. When does differentiation begin in fruit fly (insects)?

a. Prior to fertilization

b. Just after fertilization, but before any cell divisions takeplace

c. Just after the first cell division

d. At the blastula stage

e. At the globular embryo stage

2. When does differentiation begin in frog (vertebrates)?

a. Prior to fertilization

b. Just after fertilization, but before any cell divisions takeplace

c. Just after the first cell division

d. At the blastula stage

e. At the globular embryo stage

3. When does differentiation begin in flowering plants?

a. Prior to fertilization

b. Just after fertilization, but before any cell divisions takeplace

c. Just after the first cell division

d. At the blastula stage

e. At the globular embryo stage

4. Which axis develops first in animals, anterior-posterior(A-P) or dorsal-ventral (D-V)?

a. A-P

b. D-V

c. They develop at the same time.

d. They are controlled by the same transcription factors at thesame time.

5. Which axis develops first in plants, anterior-posterior ordorsal-ventral?

a. A-P

b. D-V

c. They develop at the same time.

d. Plants only develop A-P, and with respect to gravity andlight.

6. Focusing in on A-P development in Drosophila, maternaltranscription factors produce

proteins that control axis development in what order?

a. bicoid and nanos proteins; caudal and hunchback proteins; gapand pair-rule

proteins

b. caudal and hunchback proteins; bicoid and nanos proteins; gapand pair-rule

proteins

c. gap and pair-rule proteins; bicoid and nanos proteins; caudaland hunchback

proteins

d. gap and pair-rule proteins; caudal and hunchback proteins;bicoid and nanos

proteins

7. What ultimately controls pattern formation in Drosophila?

a. Morphogen gradients and signaling molecules under maternalcontrol

b. Morphogen gradients and signaling molecules under embryoniccontrol

c. De-repressors and signaling molecules under maternalcontrol

d. De-repressors and signaling molecules under embryoniccontrol

PLANT STRUCTURE, CELLS, CELL WALLS, PLASMODESMATA

8. Which of the following cannot be found in leaves?

a. Xylem

b. Phloem

c. Mesophyll

d. Parenchyma

e. Apical meristem

9. What are intercalary meristems?

a. Meristems that develop between internodes in some plants

b. Meristems that develop primary meristematic tissues

c. Meristems that are responsible for secondary growth in woodyplants

d. Root meristems

10. Roots, shoots, and leaves all contain three basic tissuesystems. What are they?

a. Ground, structural, conductive

b. Ground, vascular, dermal

c. Vascular, dermal, structural

d. Conductive, transmissive, supportive

11. All growth in plants is due to

a. Cell division in the three basic tissue systems andsubsequent cell elongation

b. Cell division at meristems and subsequent cell elongation

c. Cell division as needed throughout the plant body, followedby cell elongation

d. Hormone-induced cell division throughout the plant body

12. Which plant cells are dead at maturity, although stillproviding some useful function?

a. Dermal

b. Ground

c. Xylem

d. Phloem

e. Lateral meristems

13. Which meristems are responsible for lateral growth (increasein girth)?

a. Apical meristem

b. Root meristem

c. Vascular and bark cambium

d. Intercalary meristem

14. Where are most guard cells generally located in vascularplants?

a. Stem dermal tissue

b. Root dermal tissue

c. Petiole dermal tissue

d. Undersides of leaves

e. Uppersides of leaves

15. How can you distinguish guard cells from non-guardcells?

a. They contain mitochondria

b. They contain chloroplasts

c. They do not have plasmodesmata

d. They have plasmodesmata

e. B and C

PINs, IAA, ACID GROWTH

16. What are PINs?

a. Plasma membrane transport inhibitors

b. Auxin efflux transporters for active transport across plasmamembranes

c. Growth regulators

d. Hormones

e. Membrane transport proteins for embryogenesis

17. What is IAA?

a. Cytokinen

b. Gibberellic acid

c. Florigen

d. Auxin

e. Abscissic acid

18. Which hormone can trigger cell wall expansion?

a. Cytokinen

b. Gibberellic acid

c. Florigen

d. Auxin

e. Abscissic acid

19. Which ion is used by plants to decrease pH and activateenzymes that break cress-bridges

between cellulose fibers for cell wall expansion?

a. Na

b. K

c. Cl

d. H

e. Mg

20. Where do the ions come from to cause acidification of thecell wall?

a. Apoplast

b. Cytoplasm

c. Chloroplasts

d. Mitochondria

e. Vacuole

PLANT EMBRYOGENESIS, SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM (SAM), ROOT APICALMERISTEM

(RAM)

21. The first cell division in a plant zygote isasymmetrical.

a. True

b. False

22. At what stage of embryogenesis do PIN proteins firstinfluence orientation of the root-shoot

axis?

a. First cell division

b. Second cell division

c. 8-cell stage

d. Globular stage

e. Heart-shaped stage

23. Which hormone most strongly affects cell division inembryos?

a. IAA

b. GA

c. Ethylene

d. AA

e. CK

24. How do the major tissue systems in plants become establishedin developing embryo?

a. Anticlinal cell divisions

b. Periclinal cell divisions

c. All of the above

d. None of the above

STEM/ROOT PRIMARY, SECONDARY GROWTH

25. Fifteen years ago, your parent hung a swing from the lowerbranch of a tree in your yard. It is at the exact same height as itwas then. Why isn

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