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13 Dec 2019

Microtubules are responsible for? More than one answer

A. Myosin based motility in cells.

B. Separation of chromosomes at mitosis anaphase.

C. Cilia and flagellar motility.

D. Axonal transport, and can be used as markers in identification of axons in electron micrographs.

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Hubert Koch
Hubert KochLv2
17 Dec 2019
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Related questions

Daughter cells resulting from meiosis:

(a) have only one member of each homologous pair
(b) have only one member of each pair of alleles
(c) have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell
(d) all of these
(e) none of these.

The centromere is a region in which:

a) chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase.
b) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphaseplate.
c) chromosomes are grouped during telophase.
d) the nucleus is located prior to mitosis.
e) new spindle microtubules form at either end.

In the cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis.This will result in:

a) cells with more than one nucleus.
b) cells that are unusually small.
c) cells lacking nuclei.
d) destruction of chromosomes.
e) cell cycles lacking an S phase.

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?

a) condensation of the chromosomes
b) replication of the DNA
c) separation of sister chromatids
d) spindle formation
e) separation of the spindle poles.


Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

4. In addition to their use in motility, flagella can also be used to sense when the bacterial cell comes in contact with a surface.

A. How are flagella used in motility? How does a bacterium move toward a nutrient source using flagella?

B. Now it’s time to think at the molecular size and do some visualization. You’re standing on a bacterial cell membrane watching ions flow and flagella turn. All of a sudden, the cell runs into a surface, and the flagella stop turning. What will happen (immediately) to the PMF? Describe two ways the cell (in the next few moments) could compensate for this? As the cell compensates, how will its oxygen consumption be altered? Its ATP production?

C. Instead of the compensations you mentioned above, some bacteria have the ability to produce a special protein that acts to increase the distance between the flagellar rotor and stator so that this distance is much larger than a hydrogen ion. Explain how this protein will affect the PMF and the rotation of the flagella.

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